Figure 1. Gut Fatty Acids Drive Intestinal T Cell Differentiation that Influences Development of Autoimmunity in other Distal Tissues.
Naive CD4+ T cells that originate in the bone marrow and thymus migrate to the lamina propria of the gut, where they differentiate into various T helper subtypes under the influence of fatty acids derived from the diet or bacteria. In the presence of MCFAs or LCFAs, T cell differentiation is skewed toward inflammatory subtypes (Th1 and Th17), whereas in the presence of SCFAs, differentiation is skewed toward regulatory subtypes (Treg cells). These fatty-acid-influenced T cells drive pathogenic or protective responses in other tissues such as the central nervous system and modulate autoimmunity. Abbreviations are as follows: MCFAs, medium-chain fatty acids; LCFAs, long-chain fatty acids; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids.
