Table 1. Characteristics of patients included in the study.
| Variable | CKD-5(N = 210) | Hospital HD (N = 213) | Self-care HD (N = 100) | P-value (3-group comparison) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age1 | 62.00 (51.75–69.00) | 59.00 (46.50–68.00) | 53.00 (44.00–59.75) | <0.001 |
| Education2 –(post-high school) | 50/205 (24.4%) | 38/203 (18.7%) | 42/97 (43.3%) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity2 non-white | 21/210 (10.0%) | 26/212 (12.3%) | 13/100 (13.0%) | 0.67 |
| Employment2 Retired | 104 (49.5%) | 95 (45.0%) | 35 (35.4%) | <0.001 |
| Unemployed | 40 (19.0%) | 74 (35.1%) | 25 (25.3%) | |
| Salaried/self-employed | 66 (31.4%) | 42 (19.9%) | 39 (39.4%) | |
| Dialysis vintage3 | - | 2.72 (1.11–5.23) | 3.68 (1.44–7.12) | 0.0394 |
| Number of dialysis sessions per week3 | - | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.5 (3.0–5.0) | <0.0014 |
| CCI1 | 5.0 (3.8–6.0) | 4.00 (3.0–6.0) | 4.00 (3.0–5.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes2 | 72/210 (34.3%) | 65/210 (31.0%) | 14/99 (14.1%) | 0.001 |
| Heart failure2 | 12 (5.7%) | 11 (5.2%) | 4 (4.0%) | 0.82 |
| BDI (score)1 | 10.0 (5.0–18.0) | 11.0 (5.0–20.0) | 10.0 (4.0–20.0) | 0.59 |
| STAI-State (score)1 | 36.0 (26.8–45.3) | 34.0 (27.0–45.0) | 35.0 (24.0–43.0) | 0.45 |
| STAI-Trait (score)1 | 39.0 (29.0–47.0) | 37.0 (29.0–47.0) | 36.0 (28.0–48.0) | 0.69 |
| 3MS (score)1 | 94.0(89.0–98.0) | 91.0 (87.0–96.0) | 96.0 (89.0–98.0) | 0.001 |
| Caregiver presence2 /Alone | 51/206 (24.8%) | 66/205 (32.2%) | 15/97 (15.5%) | 0.007 |
| CKD 5 education evening2 | 77 (36.7%) | 31 (14.6%) | 25 (25.0%) | <0.001 |
| Peer patient education2 | 94 (44.8%) | 59 (27.7%) | 39 (39.0%) | 0.001 |
| Cause of ESRD2 | <0.001 | |||
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 41 (19.5%) | 14 (6.6%) | 10 (10.0%) | |
| Diabetic Nephropathy | 55 (26.2%) | 48 (22.6%) | 11 (11.0%) | |
| Glomerulonephritis | 18 (8.6%) | 33 (15.6%) | 16 (16.0%) | |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | 25 (11.9%) | 23 (10.8%) | 23 (23.0%) | |
| Renovascular Disease | 5 (2.4%) | 9 (4.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Chronic Pyelonephritis | 8 (3.8%) | 16 (7.5%) | 6 (6.0%) | |
| Others5 | 37 (17.6%) | 39 (18.4%) | 16 (16.0%) | |
| Unknown | 21 (10.0%) | 30 (14.2%) | 18 (18.0%) |
1Median and interquartile range presented with p-value from a Kruskal-Wallis test
2Number and percentage with p-value from a Pearson chi-squared test
3Median and interquartile range presented with p-value from a Mann-Whitney U test
4Two-group comparison
5Others include- Myeloma, aHUS, bilateral nephrectomy, cardiorenal syndrome, congenital and inherited renal disorders, nephrocalcinosis, obstructive uropathy and tubule-interstitial disease
Pre-dialysis excludes those who previously had dialysis (n = 12)