Fig. 2.

(A, B) The analyses of the apoptotic-cell rates indicate that both cyanidin and delphinidin exerted dose-dependent antiapoptotic effects (p<0.001). The analyses of necrotic-cell rates indicate that cyanidin showed dose-dependent antinecrotic effects (p<0.001). In contrast, delphinidin showed its highest antinecrotic effect at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, with decreasing antinecrotic effects at concentrations of 100 μg/ml and greater, as compared to the H₂O₂ group (^***p<0.001). (C, D) According to the phase-contrast microscope analyses (×10 objective), cyanidin had protective effects on H₂O₂-mediated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Delphinidin had cytoprotective effects on H₂O₂-mediated cell death, but not in a dose-dependent manner. Cya: Cyanidin, Del: Delphinidin.