. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2016 Feb 16;45(4):396–415. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1105138

Table 4.

Outcomes at Endpoint by Treatment Protocol Followed

Outcome	BB protocol	BM protocol	MB protocol	MM protocol
Classroom rules violations per hour	7.2^† [5.8, 9.0]	9.3^a† [7.6, 11.4]	14.3^b [11.1, 18.5]	12.7^ab [9.0, 18.0]
Out-of-class disciplinary events per school year	2.6^ab [1.1, 6.1]	0.9^c [0.5, 1.7]	5.5^a† [2.4, 12.9]	1.9^bc† [0.9, 4.2]
Teacher DBD— ADHD	1.09 (.65)^a	0.91 (.61)^a	1.02 (.71)^a	0.94 (.63)^a
Teacher DBD— ODD	0.48 (.55)^ab	0.42 (.46)^a†	0.69 (.79)^b†	0.50 (.50)^ab
Teacher SSRS Social Skills Total Score	35.0 (10.8)^ab	36.8 (10.0)^a†	33.2 (10.7)^b†	34.5 (8.2)^ab
Parent DBD— ADHD	1.52 (.63)^a	1.37 (.59)^a	1.54 (.65)^a	1.34 (.60)^a
Parent DBD—ODD	1.10 (.69)^ab†	0.86 (.58)^c†	1.23 (.74)^a‡	0.95 (.64)^bc‡
Parent SSRS Social Skills Total Score	44.2 (10.0)^a	46.4 (11.2)^a	45.0 (10.1)^a	45.4 (11.3)^a

Note. DBD=Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (scores are average scale scores, range 0–3), ADHD=attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ODD=Oppositional defiant disorder, SSRS=Social Skills Rating Scale. The first letter of each protocol indicates its first-stage treatment and the second letter indicates its second-stage treatment, to be implemented in the event of insufficient response (‘B’ for behavioral, ‘M’ for medication). Values are means with standard deviations in parentheses (for continuous outcomes) or asymmetric 95% confidence intervals about the mean (for count outcomes). They were calculated using the weighting method as described in Nahum-Shani et al. (2012). Within each row, means that have no superscript in common are significantly different from each other, p<.05. Cross or doublecross next to a pair of means indicates difference was only marginal, p<.10.