Table 2.
Cumulative Proportions of Remissions of Symptoms of BPD Lasting 2 or 4 Years among Borderline Patients and Axis II Comparison Subjects over 16 Years of Prospective Follow-up
| BPD | OPD | Statistical Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptom | Baseline | 2-Year Remission |
4-Year Remission |
Baseline | 2-Year Remission |
4-Year Remission |
2-Year | 4-Year |
| HR | HR | |||||||
| Affective features | ||||||||
| Chronic/major depression | 276 | 0.72 | 0.43 | 60 | 0.88 | 0.72 | 0.49** | 0.36** |
| Chronic feelings of helplessness/hopelessness/worthlessness/guilt | 285 | 0.76 | 0.47 | 52 | 0.94 | 0.70 | 0.34** | 0.40** |
| Chronic anger/frequent angry acts | 276 | 0.67 | 0.38 | 60 | 0.83 | 0.57 | 0.38** | 0.45* |
| Chronic anxiety | 274 | 0.62 | 0.34 | 52 | 0.85 | 0.56 | 0.38** | 0.39** |
| Chronic loneliness/emptiness | 286 | 0.71 | 0.42 | 54 | 0.77 | 0.70 | 0.61 | 0.40** |
| Cognitive features | ||||||||
| Odd thinking/unusual perceptual experiences | 256 | 0.90 | 0.71 | 35 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.42** | 0.35** |
| Nondelusional paranoia | 248 | 0.92 | 0.69 | 28 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.56 | 0.50 |
| Quasi-psychotic thought | 164 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 14 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- | --- |
| Impulsive features | ||||||||
| Substance abuse/dependence | 142 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 24 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.55 | 0.59 |
| Sexual deviance | 78 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 8 | 1.00 | 0.86 | --- | --- |
| Self-mutilation | 234 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 12 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- | --- |
| Manipulative suicide efforts | 236 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 37 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.17** | 0.18** |
| General impulsivity | 272 | 0.85 | 0.60 | 45 | 0.92 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.51* |
| Interpersonal features | ||||||||
| Intolerance of aloneness | 267 | 0.86 | 0.55 | 47 | 0.94 | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.54 |
| Abandonment/engulfment/annihilation concerns | 267 | 0.91 | 0.68 | 44 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.47* | 0.42** |
| Counterdependency/serious conflict over help/care | 277 | 0.89 | 0.59 | 58 | 0.93 | 0.74 | 0.62 | 0.67 |
| Stormy relationships | 227 | 0.98 | 0.89 | 39 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.46* | 0.72 |
| Dependency/masochism | 267 | 0.91 | 0.75 | 45 | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.45** | 0.50* |
| Devaluation/manipulation/sadism | 251 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 39 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.35** | 0.45* |
| Demandingness/entitlement | 180 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 23 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.45 | 0.49 |
| Treatment regressions | 127 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- | --- |
| Countertransference problems/”special” treatment relationships | 139 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- | --- |
| DSM-III-R criteria not included in DIB-R | ||||||||
| Affective instability | 261 | 0.96 | 0.73 | 22 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.24** | 0.30** |
| Serious identity disturbance | 228 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 30 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.38* | 0.39* |
*
<0.005,
**
<0.001