Table 1.
Comparison of repeated, genome-wide estimates of single nucleotide (μSNM) and small (≤ 50bp) insertion/deletion (μindel) mutation rates across species obtained from mutation accumulation (MA) experiments. Differences between the two estimates within a species are tested for significance using a Welch's t-test, with appropriate degrees of freedom. To calculate the standard error for the t-test, the variance among lines in the number of mutations is assumed to be equal to the mean number of mutations per line, which assumes that mutation is a Poisson process. The fold difference (diff) between estimates within a species is shown (= larger/smaller estimate). The number of MA lines (N) and generations of accumulation (Gens), and the number of observed mutation events used for parameter estimation (SNMs and Indels) are shown. N = number of mutation accumulation lines in the study, Gens = generations, SNM = single nucleotide mutation, indel = insertion/deletion of less than 50bp, CI = confidence interval, NS = not significant.
| Species | Studya | N | Gens | SNMs | Indels | μSNM (CIb) (× 10−9) | μSNM diff | μindel (CIb) (× 10−9) | μindel diff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 1 | 5 | 30 | 98 | 13 | 4.84 (3.86-5.82) | 1.34 | 0.64 (0.28-1.00) | 1.10 |
| 2 | 9 | 10 | 44 | 7 | 3.62 (2.53-4.71) | NS | 0.58 (0.14-1.01) | NS | |
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 3 | 2 | 350 | 9 | 5 | 0.21 (0.07-0.35) | 3.5 | 0.12 (0.01-0.22) | 3.00 |
| 4 | 4 | 1730 | 20 | 13 | 0.06 (0.03-0.09) | NS | 0.04 (0.01-0.06) | NS | |
| Drosophila melanogaster | 5 | 8 | 147 | 732 | 60 | 5.49 (5.08-5.90) | 1.96 | 0.45 (0.33-0.57) | 2.67 |
| 6 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2.80 (0.51-5.09) | P<0.05 | 1.20 (0.00-3.02) | NS | |
| Caenorhabditis elegans | 7 | 7 | 250 | 108 | - | 1.33 (1.07-1.59) | 2.53 | - | - |
| 8 | 6 | 20 | 60 | 7 | 3.37 (2.50-4.24) | P<0.01 | 0.58 (0.100.69) | ||
| Schizosaccharo myces pombe | 9 | 96 | 1716 | 398 | 117 | 0.20 (0.18-0.22) | 1.18 | 0.06 (0.05-0.07) | 2.83 |
| 10 | 79 | 1952 | 327 | 335 | 0.17 (0.15-0.19) | P<0.05 | 0.17 (0.16-0.19) | P<10−5 | |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae c | 11 | 2 | 1000 | 14 | 0 | 0.29 (0.14-0.45) | 1.71 | - | - |
| 12 | 140 | 2062 | 867 | 26 | 0.17 (0.16-0.18) | NS | 0.005 (0.00-0.01) |
1 = Ossowski et al. 2010, 2 = Jiang et al. 2014, 3 =Ness et al. 2012, 4 = Sung et al. 2012, 5 = Schrider et al. 2012, 6 = Keightley et al. 2014, 7 = Denver et al. 2012, 8 = Meier et al. 2014, 9 = Farlow et al. 2015, 10 = Behringer and Hall 2016, 11 = Nishant et al. 2010, 12 = Zhu et al. 2014.
Confidence intervals are from standard errors of the number of mutations per line, which are estimated by assuming a Poisson distribution of mutations across lines.
Diploid strains