Table 4.
Comparison of variables between case and control groups based on cigarettes per day
|
Case group
|
Control group | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light | Moderate | Heavy | |||
| Semen volume (ml) | 2.80 ± 0.6 | 1.90 ± 0.5 | 1.70 ± 0.4 | 3.20 ± 0.6 | < 0.05a,b,c |
| PH | 8.08 ± 0.13 | 8.03 ± 0.2 | 8.03 ± 0.2 | 8.08 ± 0.1 | NS |
| Concentration × 10⁶ | 52.30 ± 7.9 | 49.00 ± 4.6 | 42.80 ± 4.6 | 62.66 ± 9.6 | < 0.05a,b,c |
| Motility (%) | 47.60 ± 6.3 | 43.20 ± 6.4 | 39.9 ± 4.0 | 53.20 ± 8.4 | < 0.05a,b,c |
| Normal morphology (%) | 32.40 ± 7.10 | 28.80 ± 6.1 | 23.1 ± 5.6 | 39.20 ± 13.2 | < 0.05a,b,c |
| µ-Calpain (ng/ml) | 25.35 ± 1.5 | 25.21 ± 2.0 | 25.18 ± 2.0 | 26.88 ± 1.3 | NS |
NS: non-significant;
a
Significant difference between Light smokers compared with non-smokers;
b
Significant difference between Moderate smokers compared with non-smokers;
c
Significant difference between Heavy smokers compared with non-smokers