Fig. 4.

Effects of human recombinant PEDF on network formation, proliferation and survival of feto-placental endothelial cells depend on VEGF. a, c, e Addition of PEDF alone did not affect network formation, proliferation and LDH release of feto-placental endothelial cells. b In cells stimulated with VEGF (25 ng/ml), PEDF reduced network formation in a concentration-dependent manner, d reduced proliferation and f increased cell death. Data are given as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used the mean of the triplicate of the number of individual biological replicates. n (network formation) = 8, n (BrdU incorporation) = 9, n (LDH release) = 6. n.s. not significant; ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05 compared to untreated control without VEGF