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Growth curves (A), radial growth rates (cm/day) (B), and patulin production (ppm) of Penicillium expansum NRRL 35695 on Czapek glucose agar medium under modified pH. Three different pH values were tested (2.5, 4, and 7) with temperature and a W values fixed to 25°C and 0.99, respectively. The results shown are the mean of three technical replicates for each condition. The standard errors of the mean (SEM) are represented by error bars: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
