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. 2016 Jun;4(12):237. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.06.07

Table 1. Mechanisms of resistance.

Intrinsec
   RAC1 mutations
   Stromal secretion HFG/cMET
   Aberration CDK4, cyclin D1
   HOXD8 mutation
Acquired
   Splicing BRAF
   Copy gain or amplification BRAF
   Upregulation TK receptors
   ERK feedback
Intrinsec/acquired
   MITF
   Aberrations of PI3K/AKT pathway
   Loss PTEN
   Mutations MEK
   COT expresión
   Loss of NF1
   NRAF mutations

CDK4, cyclin-dependent kinase 4; HFG, hepatocyte growth factor; MITF, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.