. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 2.

Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2014 Jun 12;20(3):273–292. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2014.921888

Table 3.

Prevalence of symptom endorsement and attribution of themes by race/ethnicity (weighted)

	African American (%)	Caribbean Black (%)	Asian (%)	Latino (%)	Total n	(%)	Comparison across 4 racial//ethnic groups
Visual Hallucinations (n=701)							p-value
Prevalence in Population	8.4	9.4	4.6	6.1
Thematic Categories
Supernatural, Ghost/Unidentified Being	*25.9*^d ^e	40.4	*53.8*^a	*50.6*^a	269	38.8	*0.000*
Death and Dying	*28.1*^d ^e	24.4	*12.2*^a	*15.1*^a	148	21.4	*0.016*
Spirituality/Religiosity	17.8	14.3	8.6	14.2	102	15.3	ns
Premonition	11.7	11.1	6.1	8	87	9.7	ns
Other	16.5	9.8	19.3	12.1	95	14.8	ns
Auditory Hallucinations (n=425)
Prevalence in Population	4.9	2.6	2.7	4.5
Thematic Categories
Unidentified Voice	*33.9*^d ^e	*58.7*^a	40.2	*49.4*^a	187	41.9	0.055
Spirituality/Religiosity	*24.2*^e	15.4	19.1	*11.4*^a	74	17.8	*0.050*
Familial	15.1	13.6	10.6	24.9	68	18.9	0.081
Premonition/Warning	6.2	3.3	3	3.2	29	4.5	ns
Other	20.6	9	27.2	11.2	67	16.8	ns
Persecutory Delusions (n=84)
Prevalence in Population	1.2	2.2	0.5	0.9
Thematic Categories
Concerns based on Actions/Intentions of Others	57.4	50.4	39.2	41.8	38	49.5	ns
Concerns about Personal/Bodily Safety	17.5	34.1	10.5	28.2	18	22.2	ns
Didn’t Explain/Refused to Answer	*8.8*^d	11.9	*38.2*^a	14.8	17	13.6	ns
Other	16.2	3.6	12.1	15.3	11	14.8	ns

Delusions of Reference (n=71)
Prevalence in Population	0.5	0.9	0.6	1
Thematic Categories
Communication with Unidentified Forces	17.4	13.1	37.2	31.6	23	27.6	ns
Communication Related to Spirituality/Religiosity	37.7	52.7	23.3	12.4	14	22.3	ns
Other	44.9	34.2	39.6	56	34	50.1	ns
Thought Insertion/Withdrawal (n=55)
Prevalence in Population	0.1	0.9	0.4	0.6
Thematic Categories
Forces related to an uncomfortable command or control	23.6	*11.9*^e	38.7	*58.5*^b	12	44.2	ns
Stressful/Traumatic Situation	*21.9*^e	7.6	12.2	*3.5*^a	11	9.7	0.094
Other	54.5	80.5	49.1	38	32	46.1	ns
Delusions of Control (n=36)
Prevalence in Population	0.1	0.7	0.2	0.3
Thematic Categories
Didn’t Explain/Refused to Answer	65.1	0	25.1	22.6	12	40.2	ns
Other	34.9	100	74.9	77.4	24	59.8	ns

p<0.05, Pairwise post-hoc chi-sq test for differences within race/ethnicity

= Different from African American;

= Different from Caribbean Black;

= different from Black American(AA+CB);

= Different from Asian;

= Different from Latino