Table 2.
Total number of inflammatory and epithelial cells and cytokine concentrations (pg/mL) in the nasal lavage fluid of smokers and quitters throughout the study. Data are presented as mean values (SD).
| Smokers n=13 | Quitters n=20 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 months | Baseline | 1 month | 3 months | 12 months | |
| Total cells x 10-6 | 74 (85) | 97 (60) | 86 (200) | 36 (26) | 85 (87) | 58 (37) |
| Neutrophils | 24 (21) | 44 (37) | 27 (28) | 27 (25) | 33 (29) | 24 (18) |
| Lymphocytes | 9 (7) | 7 (7) | 10 (10) | 11 (9) | 9 (6) | 7 (5) |
| Macrophages | 33 (14) | 27 (20) | 15 (11) ¥ | 19 (14) | 17 (11) | 44 (15)* |
| Ciliated cells | 34 (15) | 21 (17) | 21 (25) | 37 (23) | 22 (22) | 21 (5) |
| Goblet cells | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 10 (14) | 6 (9) | 10 (8) | 3 (3) |
| Cytokines | ||||||
| Interleukin-6 | 2.7 (3.7) | 3.9 (4.3) | 2.3 (3.2) | 3.1 (3.1) | 2.0 (2.5) | 2.3 (2.0) |
| Interleukin-8 | 584.4 (628.9) | 770.4 (518.7) | 415.7 (589.3) | 308.2 (385.4) | 352.9 (275.6) | 472.4 (398.5) |
*
p<0.001 vs. baseline
¥
p=0.006 vs. other group at the same period of time