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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Res. 2016 May 23;76(13):3904–3915. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-2534

Figure 4. Effects of metformin analogs on mitochondrial respiration observed immediately and after 24 h pre-treatment in intact MiaPaCa-2 cells.

Figure 4

(A) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measured immediately before and after addition of Met analogs, and (B) OCR measured in intact cells after 24 h pre-treatment. The indices of mitochondrial function were determined by injecting oligomycin (O, 1 μg/ml) to inhibit ATP synthase, 2,4-dinitrophenol (D, 50 μM) to uncouple the mitochondria, and rotenone (R, 1 μM) and antimycin A (A, 10 μM) as inhibitors of complex I and complex III, respectively. Dashed vertical linesindicate the time of injection of the compounds.