Table 2.
Geometric means (95% confidence intervals) of baseline urinary mercapturic acid metabolites of benzene, acrolein and crotonaldehyde mercapturic acids, prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGEM), and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) in smokers stratified by demographic and lifestyle factors, The PEITC Intervention Study 2008–2013
| Na | Benzene SPMA (pmol/mg Cr) | Acrolein HPMA (nmol/mg Cr) | Crotonaldehye HMPMA (nmol/mg Cr) | PGEM (pmol/mg Cr) | 8-iso-PGF2α (pmol/mg Cr) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All subjects | 81 | 2.36 (1.88–2.98) | 6.60 (5.80–7.48) | 4.62 (4.02–5.30) | 44.60 (39.12–50.84) | 0.84 (0.74–0.92) |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 43 | 2.18 (1.58–3.00) | 5.78 (4.88–6.84) | 3.94 (3.28–4.74) | 54.62 (46.14–64.66) | 0.72 (0.62–0.84) |
| Female | 38 | 2.60 (1.86–3.64) | 7.66 (6.40–9.18) | 5.52 (4.52–6.70) | 35.46 (29.62–42.42) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) |
| P | 0.462 | 0.028 | 0.018 | <0.001 | 0.006 | |
| Race | ||||||
| Caucasians | 54 | 2.48 (1.86–3.30) | 6.94 (5.94–8.10) | 5.02 (4.24–5.94) | 41.24 (35.18–48.32) | 0.90 (0.78–1.02) |
| Non-Caucasians | 27 | 2.16 (1.44–3.24) | 5.96 (4.78–7.40) | 3.90 (3.08–4.94) | 52.16 (41.68–65.30) | 0.72 (0.60–0.86) |
| P | 0.590 | 0.266 | 0.091 | 0.098 | 0.063 | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <40 | 33 | 2.22 (1.54–3.20) | 5.10 (4.24–6.14) | 3.66 (2.98–4.50) | 41.78 (34.00–51.32) | 0.72 (0.62–0.86) |
| ≥40 | 48 | 2.46 (1.82–3.34) | 7.86 (6.74–9.18) | 5.40 (4.54–6.42) | 46.64 (39.32–55.32) | 0.92 (0.80–1.06) |
| P | 0.673 | 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.422 | 0.039 | |
| Level of education | ||||||
| High school or lower | 33 | 2.92 (2.04–4.18) | 6.92 (5.68–8.44) | 4.62 (3.72–5.74) | 46.66 (37.96–57.34) | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) |
| College or higher | 48 | 2.04 (1.52–2.76) | 6.38 (5.40–7.52) | 4.60 (3.84–5.52) | 43.24 (36.44–51.30) | 0.84 (0.72–0.96) |
| P | 0.144 | 0.533 | 0.985 | 0.579 | 0.973 | |
| Body mass index (kg/ms)b | ||||||
| <25 | 26 | 2.26 (1.48–3.42) | 7.24 (5.46–9.08) | 5.22 (4.08–6.68) | 43.38 (34.30–54.88) | 0.78 (0.64–0.94) |
| 25–≤30 | 26 | 2.62 (1.72–3.98) | 6.22 (4.96–7.82) | 3.94 (3.08–5.04) | 48.72 (38.52–61.62) | 0.80 (0.66–0.96) |
| ≥30 | 27 | 2.36 (1.56–3.56) | 6.40 (5.12–8.00) | 4.80 (3.76–6.12) | 41.48 (32.94–52.26) | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) |
| P trend | 0.880 | 0.451 | 0.644 | 0.783 | 0.120 | |
| Number of cigarettes per day | ||||||
| <20 | 36 | 2.20 (1.56–3.12) | 6.20 (5.12–7.50) | 4.28 (3.48–5.26) | 51.76 (42.68–62.76) | 0.80 (0.68–0.94) |
| ≥20 | 45 | 2.50 (1.84–3.42) | 6.92 (5.84–8.22) | 4.90 (4.06–5.90) | 39.58 (33.32–47.04) | 0.86 (0.74–1.00) |
| P | 0.585 | 0.396 | 0.342 | 0.046 | 0.444 | |
| Alcohol intakeb | ||||||
| Never | 30 | 2.46 (1.68–3.60) | 6.74 (5.48–8.30) | 4.94 (3.92–6.20) | 47.12 (38.06–58.36) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) |
| Monthly or less | 26 | 2.34 (1.56–3.54) | 7.38 (5.90–9.22) | 4.68 (3.66–6.00) | 42.28 (33.60–53.20) | 0.92 (0.76–1.12) |
| Weekly | 23 | 2.26 (1.46–3.48) | 5.94 (4.70–7.54) | 4.36 (3.36–5.66) | 46.90 (36.74–59.86) | 0.82 (0.66–1.00) |
| P trend | 0.763 | 0.491 | 0.482 | 0.932 | 0.674 | |
a
One subject who did not provide urine sample at baseline was excluded from all analyses.
b
Two additional subjects were excluded from this analysis due to their missing data on body mass index.