. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016 Apr 27;25(7):1125–1133. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-15-1088

Table 1.

Outcome measures during each study period among the experimental group.

Measures	Own brand	Quest® 1 (0.6 mg)	Quest® 2 (0.3 mg)	Quest® 3 (0.05 mg)
Smoking behaviors
Cigarettes per day^a^,^b^,^d^,^e^,^f	19.33 (17.68–20.98)	22.64 (20.93–24.36)	24.18 (22.35–26.01)	20.55 (18.53–22.58)
Total puff volume (ml)^a^,^b^,^c^,^e^,^f	756.01 (690.68–821.34)	540.96 (489.42–592.51)	545.10 (499.34–590.86)	691.12 (632.34–749.91)
Mean puff volume (ml)^a^,^b^,^c^,^e^,^f	56.46 (52.45–60.47)	52.21 (48.13–56.30)	52.64 (48.91–56.37)	61.13 (57.18–65.08)
Puff count^a^,^b^,^c^,^e^,^f	13.75 (12.63–14.88)	10.84 (9.87–11.81)	10.92 (9.92–11.91)	11.75 (10.63–12.88)
Puff duration (sec)^a^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	1.76 (1.63–1.89)	1.66 (1.53–1.79)	1.75 (1.61–1.88)	1.92 (1.79–2.05)
Interpuff interval (sec)	24.37 (21.34–27.40)	20.91 (18.36–23.46)	19.05 (16.51–21.58)	17.48 (15.04–19.91)
Maximum velocity (ml/sec)^b^,^f	49.47 (45.87–53.10)	47.28 (43.47–51.08)	45.63 (42.09–49.17)	49.56 (45.57–53.55)

Biomarkers
Session onset CO (ppm)^b^,^d^,^f	27.33 (24.49–30.16)	28.60 (25.78–31.43)	31.94 (29.05–34.84)	27.02 (24.11–29.94)
CO boost (ppm)^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	5.79 (5.12–6.46)	6.10 (5.51–6.68)	6.85 (6.23–7.46)	4.88 (4.29–5.46)
Cotinine (ng/mg creatinine)^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	3229.23 (2670.44–3904.95)	2807.36 (2344.90–3428.92)	2059.05 (1635.98–2565.73)	1130.03 (871.31–1465.57)
Nicotine (ng/mg creatinine)^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	1398.28 (1050.48–1861.24)	1365.12 (1033.80–1802.63)	814.85 (591.11–1124.39)	475.33 (327.34–689.52)
NNAL (pmol/mg creatinine)^a^,^b^,^c^,^e^,^f	1.12 (0.92–1.36)	0.84 (0.69–1.03)	0.79 (0.64–0.97)	0.63 (0.51–0.76)
1-HOP (ng/mg creatinine)	0.29 (0.25–0.34)	0.34 (0.29–0.40)	0.31 (0.26–0.37)	0.28 (0.24–0.33)

Subjective Ratings (0–100)
Strength^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	59.95 (56.03–63.88)	46.43 (42.49–50.36)	38.26 (34.35–42.17)	28.79 (24.07–33.51)
Harshness^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^e	48.94 (44.37–53.52)	40.44 (36.00–44.89)	35.12 (30.71–39.53)	33.89 (28.90–38.88)
Heat	34.74 (29.67–39.80)	37.59 (32.50–42.68)	38.86 (33.65–44.06)	36.66 (30.66–42.65)
Draw	32.98 (28.04–37.93)	27.99 (23.73–32.26)	25.90 (21.38–33.93)	28.41 (22.89–33.93)
Taste (bad/good)^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	56.89 (52.42–61.37)	51.64 (47.12–56.17)	47.93 (43.39–52.47)	38.31 (33.28–43.34)
Satisfaction from smoking^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	61.98 (57.13–66.83)	53.73 (48.80–58.65)	46.36 (41.01–51.71)	31.78 (26.23–37.32)
Burn rate^a^,^b^,^c^,^d	56.81 (51.25–62.37)	31.49 (26.30–36.68)	27.06 (21.93–32.18)	26.17 (20.55–31.78)
Taste (mild/not mild)^a^,^b^,^c	49.75 (44.82–54.68)	38.25 (33.35–43.14)	35.17 (30.06–40.28)	35.52 (30.15–40.89)
Mildness (too mild/not too mild)^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	67.42 (62.68–72.16)	53.63 (48.06–59.20)	45.05 (39.41–50.69)	37.73 (31.59–43.88)
Smoke harshness	56.60 (51.35–61.85)	59.18 (54.27–64.10)	57.93 (52.61–63.25)	52.65 (47.10–58.20)
Aftertaste^c^,^e^,^f	45.80 (40.42–51.19)	45.59 (40.59–50.59)	44.50 (39.25–49.75)	36.09 (30.61–41.57)
Staleness^c^,^e^,^f	66.77 (60.81–72.73)	63.95 (58.40–69.50)	61.68 (55.83–67.53)	52.01 (45.75–58.28)
Strength of smoke^a^,^b^,^c^,^d^,^e^,^f	57.46 (53.51–61.40)	45.76 (41.79–49.73)	38.40 (34.30–42.49)	32.25 (27.41–37.09)
Smoke smell^c^,^e^,^f	52.07 (46.65–57.49)	51.75 (46.45–57.06)	50.34 (44.57–56.11)	42.29 (36.34–48.23)

Data are presented as arithmetic mean (95% CI) for all outcomes except cotinine, nicotine, NNAL, and 1-HOP; these data are presented as geometric mean (95% CI). Superscript letters indicate significant Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc comparisons at the P = 0.05 level;

= comparison between own brand and 0.6 mg periods;

= own brand and 0.3 mg;

= own brand and 0.05 mg;

= 0.6 and 0.3 mg;

= 0.6 and 0.05 mg;

= 0.3 and 0.05 mg.