Table 2.
Antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal findings among pregnant women with perinatal HIV and nonperinatal HIV infection.
| Perinatal HIV (n = 41) | Nonperinatal HIV (n = 41) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antepartum | |||
| Gestational age in weeks at initial obstetric visita | 11 (6–14) | 11 (8–18) | 0.2 |
| ARV use at time of conception | 27 (68%) | 9 (23%) | <0.0001 |
| Initial HIV RNA viral load (copies/mL) in pregnancy | 19,945 (99–20,915) | 4,800 (41–19,047) | 0.8 |
| Initial CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) in pregnancy | 426 (±271) | 516 (±212) | 0.1 |
| Number of obstetric visits prior to delivery | 10.4 (±5.2) | 9.9 (±5.3) | 0.7 |
| Pregnancy complicationsb | 17/38 (45%) | 24 (59%) | 0.2 |
| ARV use during pregnancy prior to delivery | 41 (100%) | 38 (93%) | 0.2 |
|
| |||
| Intrapartum and postpartum | |||
| Gestational age at delivery | 38 (38-39) | 38 (34–39) | 0.4 |
| Preterm delivery (<37 weeks) | 4/37 (11%) | 11/39 (28%) | 0.08 |
| HIV RNA viral load (copies/mL) at delivery | 40 (0–2,500) | 0 (0–1,680) | 0.3 |
| HIV RNA viral load > 1,000 copies/mL at delivery | 10 (26%) | 11 (28%) | 0.9 |
| HIV RNA viral load < 40 copies/mL at delivery | 23 (56%) | 26 (63%) | 0.5 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) at deliverya | 484 (265–612) | 514 (373–646) | 0.2 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) below 200 at delivery | 11 (27%) | 4 (10%) | 0.08 |
| IV AZT administered at least 3 hours prior to delivery when indicated | 28/35 (80%) | 31/37 (84%) | 0.7 |
| Cesarean delivery | 18/38 (47%) | 18/39 (46%) | 0.9 |
| Any maternal intrapartum or postpartum infection | 5/37 (14%) | 7/38 (18%) | 0.6 |
|
| |||
| Neonatal | |||
| Live birth | 37/38 (97%) | 39/40 (98%) | 1.0 |
| Birth weight (gm)a | 3,065 (2,659–3,370) | 2,742 (2,435–3,200) | 0.02 |
| Low birth weight (<2,500 gm) | 8/37 (22%) | 13/38 (34%) | 0.2 |
| NICU admission | 5/35 (14%) | 10/35 (29%) | 0.2 |
| Duration of postexposure prophylaxis with oral AZT (weeks) | 6 (6) | 6 (6) | 0.6 |
| Perinatal HIV infection | 0/30 | 2/32 (6%) | 0.5 |
All denominators are n = 41 unless otherwise stated. Continuous variables are represented as means (±standard deviation) and medians (interquartile range). Continuous variables are compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare medians (Monte Carlo estimates were used to compare some mediansa) and pooled Student's t-test is used for means. Pregnancy complications included hyperemesis gravidarum, urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cervical incompetence, threatened preterm labor, abruption, preterm birth (<37 weeks), preterm rupture of membranes, and anemiab.