Table 3.
Process measures and key outcomes reported across the three study groups
| Outcome | Group A (Control) (n=11) | Group B (Intervention) (n=10) | Group C (Short Pilot) (n=17) |
|---|---|---|---|
| DURATION OF PHARMACIST CONSULTATIONS | |||
| Time (minutes): Screening (mean ± SD) | 16.1 ± 2.7 | 14.1 ± 8.2 | Not applicable |
| Time (minutes): Visit – Baseline (mean ± SD) | 17.5 ± 2.9 | 24.3 ± 15.5 | 22.5 ± 6.0 |
| Time (minutes): Visit – 1 month (mean ± SD) | Not applicable | 13.5 ± 8.1 | 11.6 ± 3.8 |
| Time (minutes): Visit – 3 months (mean ± SD) | 18.8 ± 2.5 | 12.8 ± 3.7 | 11.3 ± 4.3 |
| Time (minutes): Visit – 12 months (mean ± SD) | 17.5 ± 2.7 | 14.4 ± 3.2 | Not applicable |
| BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) | |||
| BP (mmHg): Screening (mean ± SD) | SBP: 147 ± 9 DBP: 85 ± 12 |
SBP: 153 ± 12 DBP: 85 ± 11 |
Not applicable |
| BP (mmHg): Visit – Baseline (mean ± SD) | SBP: 139 ± 8 DBP: 82 ± 9 |
SBP: 145 ± 19 DBP: 81 ± 12 |
SBP: 157 ± 14 DBP: 92 ± 10 |
| BP (mmHg): Visit – 1 month (mean ± SD) | Not applicable | SBP: 139 ± 18 DBP: 76 ± 13 |
SBP: 141 ± 9 DBP: 86 ± 11 |
| BP (mmHg): Visit – 3 months (mean ± SD) | SBP: 132 ± 9 DBP: 79 ± 8 |
SBP: 137 ± 18 DBP: 74 ± 12 |
SBP: 132 ± 10 DBP: 79 ± 8 |
| Change from Baseline to Visit – 3 months (Wilcoxon) |
SBP: P=0.34 DBP: P=0.08 |
SBP: P=0.14 DBP: P=0.04 |
SBP: P<0.01 DBP: P<0.01 |
| BP (mmHg): Visit – 12 months (mean ± SD) | SBP: 125 ± 9 DBP: 75± 12 |
SBP: 132 ± 14 DBP: 73 ± 12 |
Not applicable |
| Change from Visit – 3 months to Visit – 12 months (Wilcoxon) |
SBP: P=0.23 DBP: P=0.69 |
SBP: P=0.68 DBP: P=0.87 |
Not applicable |
| MEDICATION ADHERENCE | |||
| MMAS***
Baseline
n (%) Low adherence (<6) Medium adherence (6 to <8) High adherence (=8) |
0 (0%) 2 (18%) 9 (82%) |
2 (20%) 1 (10%) 7 (70% |
7 (42%) 5 (29%) 5 (29%) |
| Visit – 3 months
n (%) Low adherence (<6) Medium adherence (6 to <8) High adherence (=8) |
0 (0%) 1 (9%) 10 (91%) |
1 (10%) 3 (30%) 6 (60%) |
1 (6%) 7 (44%) 8 (50%) |
| Change from Baseline to Visit – 3 months (Pearson Chi-Square) | P=0.62 | P=0.19 | P=0.01 |
| Visit – 12 months
n (%) Low adherence (<6) Medium adherence (6 to <8) High adherence (=8) |
1 (9%) 2 (18%) 8 (73%) |
0 4 (45%) 5 (55%) |
Not applicable |
| Change from Visit –3 months to Visit –12 months (Pearson Chi-Square) | P=0.81 | P=0.68 | Not applicable |
| Median MMAS score: Visit – 1 month | 7.82 ± 0.41 | 7.10 ± 1.73 | 6.06 ± 1.71 |
| Median MMAS score: Visit – 3 months | 7.82 ± 0.60 | 7.20 ± 1.32 | 7.25 ± 0.93 |
| Change from Baseline to Visit – 3 months (Wilcoxon) | P=1.00 | P=1.00 | P=0.004 |
| Median MMAS score: Visit –12 months | 7.55 ± 0.93 | 7.33 ± 0.87 | Not applicable |
| Change from Visit – 3 months to Visit – 12 months (Wilcoxon) | P=0.46 | P=0.71 | Not applicable |
| QUALITY OF LIFE (QoL) | |||
| EQ-5D-3L – INDEX values | |||
| Median value: Baseline (25th and 75th percentiles) | 1.00 (0.68 - 1.00) | 0.70 (0.61 – 1.00) | 0.71 (0.62 – 1.00) |
| Median value: Visit – 3 months (25th and 75th percentiles) | 1.00 (0.71 – 1.00) | 0.71 (0.54 – 1.00) | 0.67 (0.59 – 1.00) |
| Change from Baseline to Visit – 3 months (Wilcoxon) | P=0.66 | P=0.79 | P=0.91 |
| Median value: Visit – 12 months (25th and 75th percentiles) | 1.00 (0.63 – 1.00) | 0.78 (0.46 – 1.00) | Not applicable |
| Change from Visit – 3 months to Visit – 12 months (Wilcoxon) | P=0.58 | P=1.00 | Not applicable |
| EQ VAS values | |||
| Median value: Baseline (25th and 75th percentiles) | 80.0 (75.0 – 90.0) | 70.0 (63.8 – 87.5) | 80.0 (55.0 – 87.5) |
| Median score: Visit – 3 months (25th and 75th percentiles) | 86.0 (80.0 – 93.0) | 80.0 (67.5 – 85.0) | 74.0 (60.0 – 84.3) |
| Change from Baseline to Visit – 3 months (Wilcoxon) | P=0.15 | P=0.80 | P=0.75 |
| Median score: Visit – 12 months (25th and 75th percentiles) | 92.5 (80.0 – 98.5) | 80.0 (55.0 – 90.0) | Not applicable |
| Change from Visit – 3 months to Visit – 12 months (Wilcoxon) | P=0.05 | P=1.00 | Not applicable |
SBP= systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; VAS = visual analogue scale; MMAS = Morisky Medication Adherence Scale; SD = Standard Deviation;
***
Use of the ©MMAS is protected by US copyright laws. Permission for use is required. A license agreement is available from: Donald E. Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-17