Table 3.

Multivariable Adjusted Association of Each Disaster Damage with Change in Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) among the Survivors from the Disaster (N=3,464) in Japan

Characteristics	Coefficient	SE	95%CI			p-value
Loss of family and friends
No loss	reference
Loss of family members	0.23	0.11	0.02	,	0.44	0.035
Loss of friends	0.04	0.14	−0.24	,	0.32	0.78
Both	−0.04	0.21	−0.46	,	0.38	0.84
Loss of pet(s)
Had no pets	0.08	0.11	−0.13	,	0.29	0.46
No pet loss	reference
Lost dog(s)	0.23	0.33	−0.41	,	0.87	0.48
Lost cat(s)	1.05	0.37	0.32	,	1.77	0.0047
Lost other pets	−0.18	0.63	−1.41	,	1.06	0.78
Lost dog(s) & cat(s)	−0.23	0.91	−2.02	,	1.55	0.80
Lost cat(s) & other pets	0.24	1.81	−3.31	,	3.80	0.89
Lost dog(s) & other pets	1.07	2.59	−4.00	,	6.15	0.68
House damage
Entirely destroyed	1.40	0.22	0.96	,	1.83	<.0001
Largely destroyed	0.54	0.24	0.077	,	1.01	0.023
Half destroyed	0.53	0.18	0.18	,	0.88	0.0031
Partly destroyed	0.20	0.10	0.016	,	0.39	0.034
No damage	reference
Car damage
Lost cars	0.47	0.14	0.21	,	0.74	0.0005
Did not have cars at that time	0.31	0.14	0.029	,	0.60	0.031
No damage of cars	reference
Job loss
Lost jobs, but have restarted the same job	0.90	0.37	0.18	,	1.63	0.014
Have lost jobs	1.14	0.24	0.66	,	1.62	<.0001
Have not been working	0.42	0.12	0.19	,	0.65	0.0003
Have been working	reference
Have started a new job after the disaster	0.65	0.50	−0.33	,	1.62	0.19
Disruption of access to psychiatry	2.51	0.63	1.28	,	3.74	<.0001

Note. GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale. CI: confidence interval. SE: standard error.

^a. Age (continuous), sex, marital status, education, income, self-rated health, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, having past/present psychiatric diseases, having any chronic diseases or conditions, frequency of informal socializing, and GDS score in 2010 were adjusted in the model.

^b. Other types of disaster damage were not simultaneously included in the same model.