Fig. 1. Effects of imperatorin on cell viability and PFHxS-increased caspase-3 activity in CGC.

(A) Cells were treated with different concentrations of imperatorin (0~1000 nM) for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay. (B) Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of imperatorin (10~1000 nM) or PD98059 (50 µM) for 1 h and treated with either PFHxS (300 µM) or DMSO as a vehicle control for 3 h. Then, cells were incubated in fresh media for 21 h. Caspase-3 activity was measured. Data (fold increase) are mean±SEM of three independent experiments. ^**p<0.01, ^***p<0.001 vs. DMSO. ^#p<0.05, ^###p<0.001 vs. corresponding Control-treated cells. (IPT, imperatorin; PD, PD98059).