Figure 1.

Schematic diagram of the fully factorial experimental design used in this study. Chilo suppressalis from water‐oat (W) and rice fields (R) were reared on either water‐oats (w) or rice (r) for three continuous generations to examine the effects of host plant and population origin on the life‐history traits of the G1 and G3 generations. There were two treatment groups comprised of W individuals reared on rice seedlings (W‐r) and R individuals reared on water‐oat fruit pulp (R‐w). The corresponding control groups were W individuals reared on water‐oat fruit pulp (W‐w) and R individuals reared on rice seedlings (R‐r).