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. 2016 Jun 15;8(6):2549–2561.

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Underlying mechanisms of MSCs-mediated restoration of erectile function. A. Compared to the sham group, the expression of caspase-3 in the corpus cavernous significantly increased in the PBS group, and decreased after treatment with MSCs in the IC and IP-d groups. Rats per group: n = 4. Scale bar = 50 μm. B. Compared to the sham group, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 significantly increased in the PBS group, and decreased after treatment with MSCs in the IC and IP-d groups. Rats per group: n = 4. C. After induction by ATRA and culture in neural induction medium (NIM), d-MSCs exhibited higher expression levels of VEGF, NGF, and BDNF than the MSCs in the group of control, single induced by ATRA or single cultured in NIM. *P < 0.05 vs. control group, #P < 0.05 vs. control, ATRA and NIM groups, respectively.