Table 1.
Clozapine Versus Active Treatment Studies for Adult-and Early-Onset Schizophrenia, Early-Onset Schizophrenia Studies
| Study | Design | Length (wks) | Age at enrollment (yrs) | Comparison drug dosage (mg/d) | Clozapine dosage (mg/d) | n | Cohen's d | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kumra et al. (1996) | Parallel | 6 | Mean: 14.0 ± 2.3 | Typical: Haldoperidol | Clozapine | 21 | SANS: 1.156 | 0.002 |
| randomized DB | Range: 6–18 | 16 ± 8 | 176 ± 149 | SAPS: 0.675 | 0.01 | |||
| BPRS: 0.258 | 0.04 | |||||||
| CGAS: 1.370 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Shaw et al. (2006) | Parallel | 8 | Mean: 12.3 | Atypical: Olanzapine | Clozapine | 25 | SANS: 0.7 | 0.08 |
| randomized DB | Range: 7–16 | 18.1 ± 4.3 | 327 ± 113 | SAPS: 0.4 | 0.14 | |||
| BPRS: 1 | 0.12 | |||||||
| CGI-S: 0.6 | 0.39 | |||||||
| Kumra et al. (2008) | Parallel | 12 | Mean: 15.6 ± 2.1a | Atypical: Olanzapine | Clozapine | 39 | SANS: 0.92 | 0.02 |
| randomized DB | Range: 10–18 | 26.2 ± 6.5 | 403.1 ± 201.8 | BPRS: 0.29 | 0.78 | |||
| CGI-S: 0.4 | 0.8 | |||||||
| CGI-Improvement: 0.59 | 0.38 |
a
The rationale for including this early-onset schizophrenia study was the unusually young mean age of onset: 11.8 ± 2.9 years.
DB, double-blind; SANS, Scale for the Children's Global Assessment Scale; Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CGAS, CGI, Clinical Global Impressions Scale; CGI-S, Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Symptom Scale.