Table 4. Perception of each barrier to help-seeking according to the nine ethnic groups, with percentage of participants who reported each barrier and all odds ratios (99% confidence intervals) adjusted for age group, gender and area income deprivation (n=38 492).
| Barriers/ethnic groups | White British | White Irish | Indian | Pakistani | Bangladeshi | Black Caribbean | Black African | Chinese | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Too embarrassed | 16% | 18% | 25% | 26% | 24% | 18% | 17% | 23% | 19% |
| 1.00 | 1.11 (0.80–1.54) | 1.47a (1.18–1.84) | 1.51a (1.17–1.93) | 1.39a (1.02–1.88) | 1.00 (0.78–1.29) | 0.85 (0.67–1.09) | 1.32 (0.82–2.11) | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | |
| Too scared | 22% | 22% | 25% | 23% | 21% | 20% | 19% | 25% | 22% |
| 1.00 | 0.99 (0.73–1.34) | 1.06 (0.85–1.32) | 0.92 (0.71–1.20) | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 0.84 (0.66–1.06) | 0.72a (0.57–0.91) | 1.05 (0.66–1.67) | 0.87a (0.77–0.99) | |
| Not confident to talk | 10% | 12% | 21% | 16% | 13% | 13% | 13% | 17% | 15% |
| 1.00 | 1.14 (0.78–1.68) | 2.03a (1.60–2.57) | 1.44a (1.07–1.93) | 1.11 (0.74–1.65) | 1.17 (0.88–1.55) | 1.15 (0.88–1.50) | 1.47 (0.86–2.52) | 1.31a (1.13–1.53) | |
| Worry about what GP may find | 30% | 28% | 31% | 31% | 31% | 34% | 33% | 31% | 29% |
| 1.00 | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 1.01 (0.84–1.23) | 0.95 (0.61–1.46) | 0.88a (0.79–0.99) | |
| Worry about many other things | 17% | 25% | 28% | 28% | 28% | 18% | 17% | 23% | 23% |
| 1.00 | 1.58a (1.18–2.11) | 1.62a (1.30–2.01) | 1.66a (1.30–2.11) | 1.70a (1.26–2.28) | 0.97 (0.76–1.25) | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 1.19 (0.74–1.92) | 1.19a (1.04–1.34) | |
| Transport difficulties | 5% | 8% | 9% | 10% | 9% | 6% | 9% | 10% | 7% |
| 1.00 | 1.58a (1.00–2.49) | 1.79a (1.27–2.52) | 1.94a (1.34–2.81) | 1.91a (1.21–3.00) | 1.15 (0.78–1.71) | 1.81a (1.31–2.50) | 2.06a (1.06–4.00) | 1.32a (1.06–1.63) | |
| Too busy | 19% | 28% | 31% | 24% | 27% | 21% | 20% | 32% | 27% |
| 1.00 | 1.68a (1.26–2.23) | 1.56a (1.27–1.93) | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) | 1.37a (1.01–1.84) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 0.88 (0.70–1.10) | 1.59a (1.03–2.45) | 1.23a (1.09–1.39) | |
| Worry about wasting GP's time | 25% | 24% | 18% | 20% | 19% | 18% | 13% | 22% | 20% |
| 1.00 | 0.93 (0.70–1.25) | 0.62a (0.48–0.79) | 0.69a (0.53–0.91) | 0.66a (0.48–0.93) | 0.61a (0.48–0.78) | 0.43a (0.33–0.55) | 0.78 (0.48–1.25) | 0.68a (0.60–0.78) | |
| Difficulty talking to GP | 12% | 16% | 15% | 13% | 20% | 15% | 13% | 23% | 16% |
| 1.00 | 1.40 (1.00–1.97) | 1.12 (0.86–1.47) | 1.00 (0.73–1.38) | 1.60a (1.15–2.23) | 1.15 (0.88–1.51) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) | 1.85a (1.14–2.99) | 1.24a (1.07–1.43) | |
| Difficulty making appointment | 28% | 27% | 34% | 27% | 31% | 25% | 24% | 27% | 29% |
| 1.00 | 0.94 (0.71–1.25) | 1.18 (0.97–1.45) | 0.88 (0.69–1.12) | 1.06 (0.80–1.41) | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | 0.71a (0.57–0.87) | 0.85 (0.54–1.34) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) |
These estimates were derived from a model including one of the ethnic groups and each of the barriers, adjusted for age groups, gender and deprivation, measured using quintiles of the income domain of indices of multiple deprivation index.
a
Statistically significant at P<0.01 level (99% confidence intervals).