Figure 7.

Humans’ and pigeons’ observed and predicted accuracy for prototypes, typical items, and exceptions during the early (top panels) and late (bottom panels) stages of learning within the prototype-exception task of Cook and Smith [44]. Observed performances are shown as unconnected, filled, black circles. The best-fitting predictions of prototype and exemplar models are shown, respectively, as connected open squares and open triangles. From [44]. Copyright 2006 by the Association for Psychological Science. Reprinted with permission.