Table 3.

Diagnostic characteristics of N. ramos, N. kurata and N. mindanaoensis. Note that all characteristics of N. kurata correspond with those of N. ramos.

	Nepenthes ramos emend.	Nepenthes kurata [10]	Nepenthes mindanaoensis [14]
Upper pitchers	Mostly equally wide at base and apex, sometimes slightly dilated towards the apex. Constricted in the middle to various extent.	Slightly dilated towards the apex. Constricted in the middle.	Obovate or subglobose in the lower ¼, otherwise cylindrical.
Fringed wings	Present in the upper ⅔ to ¼ of the trap or reduced to ribs.	Present in the upper ⅓ to ¼ of the trap.	Present on the whole length of the pitcher.
Lid	Smaller, as large as or larger than the pitcher opening. Ovate to orbicular, sometimes domed.	Smaller than the pitcher opening. Ovate.	About as large as the pitcher opening. Orbicular.
Nectar glands	Dimorphic	Dimorphic	Dimorphic
Appendage	Present (2 mm) or reduced to keel.	Modestly developed, 1–2 mm	Absent