Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Patients with MDD, N=29 | Controls, N=29 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gender (M/F, %F) | 11/18 (62.1%) | 13/16 (55.2%) |
| Age, mean (s.d.) | 41.0 (13.5) | 40.1 (12.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| African American | 1 | 3 |
| Asian | 4 | 3 |
| Hispanic | 4 | 1 |
| White | 19 | 21 |
| Multi-ethnic | 1 | 1 |
| Education (years), mean (s.d.) | 15.31 (2.66) | 16.97 (2.34) |
| Dextral/non-dextral (% dextral)a | 21/8 (72.4%) | 25/8 (86.2%) |
| Unipolar/bipolar diagnosis | 24/5 | |
| Age of onset, mean (s.d.) | 23.89 (13.57) | |
| Current episode, mean (s.d.) | 2.37 (4.40) | |
| Lifetime illness, mean (s.d.) | 17.15 (11.93) | |
| Responders/non-responders (%)b | 18/11 (62.1%) | |
| Treatments in index, mean (s.d.) | 11.241 (3.24) | |
| RUL treatment, mean (s.d.) | 9.3793 (3.28) | |
| Mood scales | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| HAM-Dc | 26.3 (4.93) | 20.5 (6.47) | 12.2 (8.26) |
| MADRSc | 40.6 (7.57) | 32.6 (8.67) | 15.6 (11.4) |
Abbreviations: C1, control baseline; C2, control follow-up; ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; MDD, major depressive disorder; RUL, right unilateral lead placement; T1, patient baseline; T2, after the second ECT; T3, after the ECT index series.
a
Handedness was estimated using the modified Edinburgh Handedness Inventory38 with a laterality quotient of <0.7 defined non-dextrals.
b
Response defined as >50% improvement in HAM-D scores over the course of treatment.
c
Significant effect of ECT (P<0.0001).