Table 2.

Results of Linear Regression Models Comparing HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers and Exposed or Unexposed In Utero to HAART

	Unadjusted Z-score mean (SE)			AdjustedaZ-score mean (SE)
Echocardiographic Z-score	Exposed to non-HAART ARV (n = 89)	HAART exposed (n = 67)	P	Exposed to non-HAART ARV (n = 89)	HAART exposed (n = 67)	P
Functional systolic parameters
Contractility	0.30 (0.12)	0.38 (0.13)	.67	0.35 (0.12)	0.32 (0.14)	.87
Fractional shortening	0.34 (0.10)	0.43 (0.12)	.57	0.34 (0.11)	0.43 (0.13)	.62
Ejection fraction	0.15 (0.09)	0.20 (0.11)	.75	0.19 (0.10)	0.15 (0.12)	.81
Functional diastolic parameters
Peak early velocity	0.34 (0.10)	0.39 (0.12)	.79	0.37 (0.11)	0.35 (0.13)	.91
Peak atrial velocity	0.46 (0.15)	0.08 (0.16)	.091	0.52 (0.15)	0.00 (0.17)	.040
Peak early/atrial velocity (E/A ratio)	−0.13 (0.11)	0.20 (0.12)	.041	−0.15 (0.11)	0.24 (0.13)	.041
Peak early tissue (E′)	0.45 (0.17)	0.38 (0.20)	.80	0.51 (0.18)	0.28 (0.21)	.46
Peak early inflow/early tissue (E/E′)	0.04 (0.16)	0.11 (0.18)	.77	0.03 (0.16)	0.13 (0.19)	.71
Peak early deceleration time	−0.40 (0.11)	−0.26 (0.12)	.40	−0.41 (0.12)	−0.25 (0.14)	.44
Structural parameters
LV mass	0.03 (0.09)	0.15 (0.11)	.39	0.02 (0.10)	0.18 (0.11)	.32
ED LV volume	−0.17 (0.11)	−0.18 (0.12)	.95	−0.11 (0.11)	−0.26 (0.12)	.40
ES LV volume	−0.33 (0.11)	−0.10 (0.12)	.16	−0.20 (0.10)	−0.26 (0.11)	.73
Mass-to-volume ratio	0.25 (0.10)	0.28 (0.12)	.89	0.11 (0.10)	0.47 (0.12)	.031

Results of linear regression modeling, excluding those unexposed to any ARVs during pregnancy (N = 18). Each row represents a separate linear regression model comparing youth exposed in utero to HAART with those unexposed to HAART.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI Z-score, and SBP Z-score; diastolic function measures also adjusted for heart rate.

BMI, body mass index; D, diastolic; ED, end-diastolic; ES, end-systolic; LV, left ventricular; S, systolic; SBP, systolic blood pressure.