Table 1.
Characteristics of TrialNet Subjects with Single Autoantibody to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase or Single Autoantibody to Insulin
| Single Ab by radioimmunoassay | No diabetes | Developed diabetes | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| GADA (n = 50) | |||
| n | 35 | 15 | |
| Age at initial visit (years) | 6.6 ± 2.5 | 23.5 ± 15.1 | <0.0001 |
| Follow up duration (years) | 6.3 ± 1.8 | 2.2 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| Gender male, [n (%)] | 21 (60%) | 6 (40%) | 0.23 |
| Ethnicity NHW [n (%)] | 26 (74%) | 11 (73%) | 1.0 |
| Initial GADA | 0.01 ± 0.18 | 0.43 ± 0.28 | <0.0001 |
| Initial ECL-GADA | −0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.33 | 0.001 |
| Mean GADA | 0.0 ± 0.12 | 0.33 ± 0.26 | <0.0001 |
| Mean ECL-GADA | −0.07 ± 0.07 | 0.17 ± 0.29 | 0.001 |
| HLA-DR3/4*0302 [n (%)]a | 4 (13%) | 4 (33%) | 0.18 |
| HLA-DR2*0602 [n (%)]a | 4 (13%) | 1 (8%) | 1.0 |
| mIAA (n = 50) | |||
| n | 45 | 5 | |
| Age at initial visit (years) | 7.3 ± 3.1 | 8.1 ± 4.4 | 0.56 |
| Follow-up duration (years) | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 0.007 |
| Gender male [n (%)] | 21 (47%) | 4 (80%) | 0.35 |
| Ethnicity NHW [n (%)] | 37 (82%) | 4 (80%) | 1.0 |
| Initial mIAA | 0.08 ± 0.22 | 0.04 ± 0.08 | 0.85 |
| Initial ECL-IAA | −0.04 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.06 |
| Mean mIAA | 0.02 ± 0.18 | 0.03 ± 0.12 | 0.65 |
| Mean ECL-IAA | −0.02 ± 0.15 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.06 |
| HLA-DR3/4*0302 [n (%)]a | 3 (7%) | 2 (40%) | 0.08 |
| HLA-DR2*0602 [n (%)]a | 5 (12%) | 1 (20%) | 0.51 |
Data are mean ± SD values unless specified otherwise. Autoantibody (Ab) levels were converted to SD units away from threshold (Z scores).
a
Missing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping in a few subjects (six of 50 single Ab to glutamic acid decarboxylase [GADA] and three of 50 single Ab to insulin [mIAA]).
ECL, electrochemiluminescence; NHW, non-Hispanic white.