Table 2. Changes in muscle activity and hemodynamics in the standing position (mean ± SD, n=25).
| Upright (a1) |
10° flexion (a2) |
20° flexion (a3) |
30° flexion (a4) |
40° flexion (a5) |
Maximum flexion (a6) |
Re-upright (a7) |
Upright (a1) |
10° extention (a2) |
20° extention (a3) |
Maximum extention (a4) |
Re-upright (a5) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NIRS | Oxy-Hb | LES | −0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 3.2 | −1.1 ± 4.9 | −1.1 ± 6.2# | −1.3 ± 5.8# | 0.4 ± 64# | 3.5 ± 3.1 | LES | 0.0 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 4.4 | 5.0 ± 4.8 | 5.4 ± 5.8 | 0.8 ± 4.5 |
| MF | −0.6 ± 1.0 | −0.4 ± 3.2 | −2.8 ± 4.2 | −6.3 ± 6.0# | −8.6 ± 6.9# | −8.1 ± 6.4# | 2.7 ± 3.7 | MF | −0.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 5.5 | 1.8 ± 7.3 | 5.3 ± 11.5 | 0.9 ± 4.8 | ||
| De-Oxy-Hb | LES | −0.1 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 4.1 | 6.4 ± 6.5# | 11.7 ± 11.2# | 15.6 ± 12.8# | 18.6 ± 15.1# | 1.6 ± 2.1 | LES | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 6.1 | 1.9 ± 6.8 | 1.4 ± 7.4 | 0.5 ± 4.5 | |
| MF | 0.0 ± 0.5 | −0.1 ± 4.3 | 1.1 ± 4.7# | 2.7 ± 5.6# | 4.8 ± 6.9# | 8.3 ± 10.0# | 2.4 ± 2.2 | MF | −0.1 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 5.4 | 2.7 ± 7.8 | 6.9 ± 11.8 | 1.1 ± 4.7 | ||
| Total-Hb | LES | −0.7 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 6.9 | 5.3 ± 9.9# | 10.7 ± 14.7# | 14.2 ± 14.6# | 19.0 ± 17.3# | 5.0 ± 3.6 | LES | 0.1 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 10.2 | 6.9 ± 11.1 | 6.8 ± 12.3 | 1.3 ± 8.2 | |
| MF | −0.5 ± 1.2 | −0.5 ± 7.0 | −1.7 ± 8.1# | −3.6 ± 9.3# | −3.8 ± 10.3# | 0.2 ± 13.3# | 5.1 ± 4.9 | MF | −0.4 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 10.7 | 4.5 ± 14.7 | 12.2 ± 22.6 | 2.0 ± 9.0 | ||
| %iEMG | LES | 5.5 ± 4.0# | 15.2 ± 5.5# | 19.1 ± 5.8# | 20.0 ± 6.0# | 16.0 ± 7.8# | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 7.1 ± 5.2# | LES | 5.3 ± 4.1 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.4 | 3.9 ± 2.2 | 5.7 ± 4.1 | |
| MF | 7.2 ± 4.5# | 20.6 ± 5.7# | 25.8 ± 7.2# | 26.6 ± 7.3# | 21.4 ± 10.0# | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 8.6 ± 5.0# | MF | 6.0 ± 4.3 | 3.7 ± 2.9 | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 2.0 | 7.0 ± 4.6 | ||
| NIRS | Oxy-Hb | LES | a1,2,3,4,5<a7* | a1<a2,3* | a1,2,3<a4* | a2,3,4>a5* | |||||||||
| MF | a1,2>a3* | a1,2,3>a4* | a1,2,3,4>a5* | a1,2,3>a6* | a1,2,3,4,5,6<a7* | ||||||||||
| De-Oxy-Hb | LES | a1<a2,3,4,5,6,7* | a2<a3,4,5,6* | a3<a4,5,6* | a4<a5,6* | a5<a6* | a2,3,4,5,6 > a7* | LES | n.s. | ||||||
| MF | a1<a4,5,6,7* | a2<a3,4,5,6,7* | a3<a4,5,6* | a4<a5,6* | a5<a6* | a6>a7* | MF | a1,2,3<a4* | a4>a5* | ||||||
| Total-Hb | LES | a1<a2,3,4,5,6,7* | a2<a3,4,5,6,7* | a3<a4,5,6* | a4<a5,6* | a5<a6* | a3,4,5,6>a7* | a1<a2,3,4* | a2<a3,4* | a3<a4* | a3,4>a5* | ||||
| MF | a5<a6* | a1,2,3,4,5<a7* | |||||||||||||
| %iEMG | LES | a1<a2,3,4,5,7* | a2<a3,4* | a4>a5* | a1,2,3,4,5>a6* | a6<a7* | a2,3,4,5>a7* | LES | a1>a2,3* | a2<a4,5* | a3<a4,5* | ||||
| MF | a1<a2,3,4,5,7* | a2<a3,4* | a3,4>a5* | a1,2,3,4,5>a6* | a6<a7* | a2,3,4,5>a7* | MF | a1>a3* | a2,3,4<a5* | ||||||
NIRS: change of hemodynamic (au; arbitrarily unit. value/10−2), %iEMG:muscle activity (%), *p<0.05 (factor of trunk angle), #p<0.05 (factor of measurement point), n.s.: not significant