Table 2. Characteristics of the studies included in the present systematic review.
| Authors and year of publication | Study design | Intervention | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abud Qutubuddin et al., 201317) | Clinical trial | Forced exercise on stationary bike (EG) | 1-UPDRS |
| 2-BBS | |||
| 3-Finger Taping Test | |||
| 4-PDQ-39 | |||
| Sara Pires et al., 201418) | Clinical trial | Combination of musical auditory cues and regular
physical therapy (EG) Regular physical therapy alone (CG) |
1-UPDRS |
| 2-BBS | |||
| 3-TUG | |||
| 4-PDQ-39 | |||
| Chirs J.Hass et al., 201119) | Clinical trial | PRT program (EG) No intervention (CG) |
1-FRT |
| 2-TUG | |||
| 3-UPDRS | |||
| Fuzhong Li et al., 201220) | Clinical trial | Adapted Tai Chi program Tree groups; Tai chi, resistance training, and stretching |
1-Isokinetic dynamometer |
| 2-GAITRite | |||
| 3-FRT | |||
| 4-UPRDS | |||
| 5-TUG | |||
| Fuzhong Li et al., 201220) | Clinical trial | Technology-assisted balance and gait training (EG) Strengthening exercises (CG) |
1-Single-leg stance test |
| Natalie E. Allen et al., 201022) | Clinical trial | Minimally supervised exercise program | 1-Algorithm |
| 2-Coordinated stability test | |||
| 3-Sway meter | |||
| 4-BBS | |||
| 5-FOG Questionnaire | |||
| 6-SPPB | |||
| 7-Short -FES | |||
| 8-PDQ-39 | |||
| Xian Shen et al., 20148) | Clinical trial | Balance and gait training with enhanced feedback
(EG) Lower limb strength training (CG) |
1-ABC |
| 2-Limits-of-stability test | |||
| 3-Single-leg stance test | |||
| C. Tassorelli et al., 201424) | Clinical trial | Injection of botulinum toxin type A + intensive program
(EG) Saline solution + intensive program (CG) |
1-Kinematic analysis of movement |
| 2-EMG | |||
| 3-UPRDS | |||
| 4-VAS | |||
| Nima Toosizadeh et al., 201425) | Clinical trial | Electroacupuncture (EG) Sham treatment (CG) |
1-SF-12 |
| 2-Short-FES | |||
| 3-MMSE | |||
| 4-UPRS | |||
| Alessandro Picelli et al., 201226) | Clinical trial | Robot-assisted treadmill training (EG) Treadmill training alone (CG) |
1-BBS |
| 2-ABC | |||
| 3-TUG | |||
| 4-10MWT | |||
| Nicola Smania et al., 201027) | Clinical trial | Balance training (EG) General physical exercises (CG) |
1-BBS |
| 2-ABC | |||
| 3-Postural transfer test | |||
| 4-COP | |||
| 5-UPRDS | |||
| 6-H&Y | |||
| 7-Staging scale | |||
| 8-GDS | |||
| Mohan Ganesan et al., 201328) | Clinical trial | Tree groups: dopamine, dopamine + conventional treadmill training, dopamine + PWSTT |
1-UPDRS |
| 2-Dynamic posturography | |||
| 3-BBS | |||
| 4-POMA | |||
| José Eduardo Pompeu et al., 20129) | Clinical trial | Training performed with 10 Wii FitTM games (EG) Balance exercises (CG) |
1-UPRS |
| Nam-Yong Lee et al., 201510) | Clinical trial | NDS + FES + Dance (EG) NDS + FES (CG) |
1-BBS |
| 2-Modified Barthel Index | |||
| 3-Beck Depression Inventory | |||
| Elisa Pelosin et al., 201029) | Clinical trial | Physical therapy + strategic video (EG) Physical therapy + video of landscapes (CG) |
1-FOG Questionnaire |
| Atefeh Azarpaikan et al., 201430) | Clinical trial | NFT training period | 1-BBS |
| 2-ECG | |||
| 3-Isokinetic dynamometer | |||
| Giuzeppe Frazzitta et al., 201431) | Clinical trial | Intensive aerobic exercises (EG) Non-intensive exercises (CG) |
1-UPDRS |
| 2-BBS | |||
| 3-6WMT | |||
| Colleen G. Canning et al., 201432) | Clinical trial | Minimally supervised exercises –PD WEBB (EG) Habitual care (CG) |
1-Coordinated balance stability test |
| 2-FOG Questionnaire | |||
| 3-FES-I | |||
| 4-Physical Activity Questionnaire | |||
| 5-SF-12V2 | |||
| 6-SF-6D | |||
| 7-PDQ-39 | |||
| Margaret Schenkman et al., 201233) | Clinical trial | Supervised FBF and AE physical exercise program
(EG) Conventional at-home physical exercise (CG) |
1-CS-PFP |
| 2-FRT | |||
| 3-UPRDRS | |||
| 4-PDQ-39 | |||
| Gustavo Christofoletti et al., 201034) | Clinical trial | Balance and motor function stimulation exercise protocol (EG) | 1-BBS |
| 2-TUG | |||
| Gao Qiang et al., 201435) | Clinical trial | Yang-style Tai Chi exercise protocol (EG) No intervention (CG) |
1-BBS |
| 2-TUG | |||
| 3-UPDRS | |||
| Serene S Paulo et al., 201436) | Clinical trial | Muscle strength training of legs with pneumatic
equipment (EG) Simulated low-intensity exercise (CG) |
1-Muscle strength |
| 2-10MWT | |||
| 3-TUG | |||
| 4- Single-leg stance test | |||
| Xia Shen et al., 201237) | Clinical trial | Training with repetitive steps on preparatory visual
tracks (EG) UM-detook (CG) |
1-UPRDS |
| 2-Limits-of-stability test | |||
| 3-GAITRite | |||
| Ryan P. Duncan et al., 201238) | Clinical trial | Tango dance program (EG) No intervention (CG) |
1-UPRDS |
| 2- Mini BESTest | |||
| 3-FOG Questionnaire | |||
| 4-6WMT | |||
| 5-9HPT | |||
| 6-GAITRite | |||