Table 3.

Associations between infant anger or frustration reactions, family regularity, and disruptive behavior at age 6

	Children’s oppositional behavior, score (n = 3136)
	B	95 % CI	β	p value
Step 1: Infant anger or frustration reactions, score	0.03	0.017; 0.045	0.08	<0.001
Child gendera	−0.04	−0.045; −0.028	−0.15	<0.001
Family regularity, score	−0.02	−0.045; 0.003	−0.03	0.093
Step 2: Infant anger or frustration reactions, score	0.04	−0.007; 0.077	0.09	0.103
Child gendera	−0.04	−0.045; −0.028	−0.15	<0.001
Family regularity, score	−0.04	−0.113; 0.036	−0.06	0.315
Infant anger or frustration reactions × family regularity	−0.03	−0.099; 0.045	−0.01	0.461
Infant anger or frustration reactions × gender	−0.003	−0.029; 0.024	−0.01	0.848
Family regularity × gender	0.01	−0.035; 0.059	0.02	0.622
Step 3: Infant anger or frustration reactions, score	0.04	−0.008; 0.077	0.09	0.108
Child gendera	−0.04	−0.044; −0.027	−0.15	<0.001
Family regularity, score	−0.03	−0.107; 0.043	−0.05	0.397
Infant anger or frustration reactions × family regularity	−0.24	−0.467; −0.019	−0.12	0.033
Infant anger or frustration reactions × gender	−0.002	−0.029; 0.025	−0.01	0.874
Family regularity × gender	0.01	−0.038; 0.056	0.02	0.713
Infant anger or frustration reactions × family regularity × gender	0.15	0.003; 0.289	0.11	0.046

	Children’s aggression, score (n = 3135)
	B	95 % CI	β	p value
Step 1: Infant anger or frustration reactions, score	0.03	0.016; 0.042	0.08	<0.001
Child gendera	−0.05	−0.058; −0.042	−0.21	<0.001
Family regularity, score	−0.03	−0.057; −0.012	−0.05	0.003
Step 2: Infant anger or frustration reactions, score	0.05	0.006; 0.085	0.12	0.024
Child gendera	−0.05	−0.058; −0.042	−0.21	<0.001
Family regularity, score	−0.07	−0.142; −0.002	−0.11	0.045
Infant anger or frustration reactions × family regularity	−0.02	−0.085; 0.051	−0.01	0.622
Infant anger or frustration reactions × gender	−0.01	−0.036; 0.014	−0.05	0.396
Family regularity × gender	0.03	−0.019; 0.069	0.06	0.268
Step 3: Infant anger or frustration reactions, score	0.05	0.005; 0.085	0.12	0.026
Child gendera	−0.05	−0.057; −0.041	−0.21	<0.001
Family regularity, score	−0.07	−0.136; 0.004	−0.10	0.065
Infant anger or frustration reactions × family regularity	−0.21	−0.424;−0.005	−0.11	0.045
Infant anger or frustration reactions × gender	−0.01	−0.035; 0.015	−0.04	0.414
Family regularity × gender	0.02	−0.022; 0.066	0.05	0.325
Infant anger or frustration reactions × family regularity × gender	0.13	−0.001; 0.267	0.10	0.051

B (unstandardized regression coefficients) and β (standardized regression coefficients) are derived from the indicated steps of the regression model. All models are adjusted for child national origin, parity, maternal psychopathology, maternal smoking during pregnancy, marital status, family income, maternal education, and maternal age. Multiple informants (parent, teacher, child) were used in the assessment of child disruptive problems. The single informant scores were residualized for age to account for the variable assessment points, z-standardized, and averaged

^aReference category is boys