TABLE 2.
Religiousness in Danish Opposite-Sex and Same-Sex Twins
| Yes | No | Do not know | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognition | |||||
| Do you believe in God? | |||||
| OS females | 146 (35.9) | 173 (42.5) | 88 (21.6) | ||
| SS females | 510 (36.9) | 537 (38.9) | 335 (24.2) | 0.96 (0.75–1.21) | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) |
| OS males | 92 (26.3) | 199 (56.9) | 59 (16.9) | ||
| SS males | 233 (27.3) | 490 (57.4) | 130 (15.2) | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) | 0.97 (0.72–1.29) |
| Do you believe in life after death? | |||||
| OS females | 151 (37.1) | 144 (35.4) | 112 (27.5) | ||
| SS females | 522 (37.8) | 496 (35.9) | 364 (26.3) | 0.97 (0.77–1.23) | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) |
| OS males | 74 (21.1) | 193 (55.1) | 83 (23.7) | ||
| SS males | 207 (24.3) | 476 (55.8) | 170 (19.9) | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | 0.83 (0.61–1.12) |
| Do you believe in re-incarnation? | |||||
| OS females | 70 (17.2) | 230 (56.5) | 107 (26.3) | ||
| SS females | 255 (18.5) | 747 (54.1) | 380 (27.5) | 0.92 (0.68–1.24) | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) |
| OS males | 37 (10.6) | 246 (70.3) | 67 (19.1) | ||
| SS males | 98 (11.5) | 596 (69.9) | 159 (18.6) | 0.91 (0.61–1.37) | 0.92 (0.61–1.38) |
| Practice | |||||
| Do you ever attend religious services? | |||||
| OS females | 298 (73.0) | 109 (26.7) | 1 (0.3) | ||
| SS females | 988 (71.4) | 394 (28.5) | 1 (0.1) | 1.08 (0.84–1.40) | 1.11 (0.86–1.44) |
| OS males | 214 (61.1) | 135 (38.6) | 1 (0.3) | ||
| SS males | 498 (58.3) | 353 (41.3) | 3 (0.4) | 1.12 (0.87–1.46) | 1.20 (0.92–1.56) |
| Do you ever pray to God outside religious services? |
|||||
| OS females | 221 (54.2) | 181 (44.4) | 6 (1.5) | ||
| SS females | 747 (54.0) | 615 (44.5) | 21 (1.5) | 1.01 (0.80–1.26) | 1.00 (0.80–1.26) |
| OS males | 142 (40.6) | 204 (58.3) | 4 (1.1) | ||
| SS males | 318 (37.3) | 528 (62.0) | 6 (0.7) | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | 1.16 (0.89–1.50) |
| Do you have your own way of connecting with the divine? |
|||||
| OS females | 301 (74.0) | 75 (18.4) | 31 (7.6) | ||
| SS females | 993 (71.9) | 246 (17.8) | 143 (10.4) | 1.11 (0.86–1.44) | 1.14 (0.88–1.47) |
| OS males | 199 (56.9) | 109 (31.1) | 42 (12.0) | ||
| SS males | 483 (56.6) | 268 (31.4) | 102 (12.0) | 1.01 (0.78–1.30) | 1.03 (0.79–1.33) |
| Importance | |||||
| Is God important in your life? | |||||
| OS females | 275 (67.6) | 125 (30.7) | 7 (1.7) | ||
| SS females | 948 (68.6) | 404 (29.2) | 30 (2.2) | 0.95 (0.75–1.22) | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) |
| OS males | 172 (49.1) | 175 (50.0) | 3 (0.9) | ||
| SS males | 438 (51.4) | 405 (47.5) | 10 (1.2) | 0.92 (0.71–1.18) | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) |
| Do you find that you get strength and comfort from religion? |
|||||
| OS females | 92 (22.6) | 250 (61.4) | 65 (16.0) | ||
| SS females | 364 (26.3) | 838 (60.6) | 180 (13.0) | 0.82 (0.63–1.07) | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) |
| OS males | 73 (20.9) | 252 (72.0) | 25 (7.1) | ||
| SS males | 151 (17.7) | 638 (74.8) | 64 (7.5) | 1.23 (0.89–1.69) | 1.23 (0.89–1.69) |
| Did God play a role in your life when you were 12? |
|||||
| OS females | 279 (68.55) | 106 (26.04) | 22 (5.41) | ||
| SS females | 971 (70.26) | 325 (23.52) | 86 (6.22) | 0.92 (0.72–1.18) | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) |
| OS males | 198 (56.57) | 136 (38.86) | 16 (4.57) | ||
| SS males | 467 (54.75) | 351 (41.15) | 35 (4.10) | 1.08 (0.83–1.39) | 1.09 (0.84–1.41) |
Note: Values are numbers (percentages) stratified by sex and co-twin sex as well as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for opposite-sex versus same-sex twins answering “yes” compared with “no” or “do not know”. The “no” and “do not know” categories were combined when estimating ORs.
a
Adjusted for age at participation and parental education of the main provider in childhood.