In vivo experiment. (a) DAB assay analysis of the efficacy of VEGF, IGF-1, and bFGF plus matrigel in vivo; the apoptotic nuclei shrank and turned brown. (b) Apoptosis index of BMSCs treated with VEGF, IGF-1, and bFGF, respectively, compared with control; BMSCs treated with either matrigel plus bFGF or matrigel plus IGF-1 extended BMSCs' survival (32.00 ± 1.63% and 22.66 ± 1.69% versus 42.33 ± 2.05%), while matrigel plus VEGF was 34.75 ± 3.50%; (c) p-Akt/Akt ratio of BMSCs treated with VEGF, IGF-1, and bFGF, respectively; BMSCs treated with matrigel plus bFGF and matrigel plus IGF-1 showed higher ratio of p-Akt/Akt compared with control (0.49 ± 0.03 and 0.63 ± 0.03 versus 0.33 ± 0.02), while matrigel plus VEGF group was 0.40 ± 0.02; ∗
P < 0.05 versus control; n = 6 in each group. Bar scale = 40 μm.