Figure 1. GSIR.

(a) Schematic of GSIR between Li-rich layered oxides and carbon dioxide. (b) FTIR spectrum. The GSIR LR-NCM without water washing (red line), compared with the pristine LR-NCM, has three additional peaks, corresponding to the IR-active modes of –CO₃. The sharp peak (864 cm⁻¹) is the CO₃ group bending mode, while the other two peaks (1,438 and 1,500 cm⁻¹) are from the C–O asymmetric and symmetric stretching modes; (c) XPS spectra of the O 1s. It is clear that the GSIR LR-NCM has lower intensity than that of the pristine LR-NCM at lower-banding energy, which indicates some lattice O has been extracted by CO₂.