Figure 5. Operando DEMS.

(a) Initial cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve of the pristine and GSIR LR-NCM electrode. (b) Oxygen gas profile of the initial charge–discharge process for the pristine and GSIR LR-NCM electrode. (c) Carbon dioxide gas profile of the initial charge–discharge process as the above electrodes. The loading density mass for these two electrodes are the same about 7.76 mg. The scan rate was ∼0.1 mV s⁻¹, and the potential range was between 2.0 and 4.8 V versus Li⁺/Li⁰ at an elevated temperature of 55 °C.