Table 1.

Selected studies to investigate the risk factors for Anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic low anterior resection

Ref.	Year	Sample	AL	Tumor	Covering	Risk factors
		size	rate	Location1	stoma
Ito et al[22]	2008	180	5.0%	R, RS	+	Anastomosis level, multiple stapler firings
Kim et al[23]	2009	270	6.3%	R, RS, S	+	Tumor location
Huh et al[24]	2010	223	8.5%	R	-	Tumor location, operation time
Choi et al[25]	2010	156	10.3%	R, RS	-	Anastomosis level, operation time
Akiyoshi et al[26]	2011	363	3.6%	R, RS	+	Tumor location, abdominal drain
Yamamoto et al[27]	2012	111	5.4%	R	+	BMI
Park et al[28]	2013	1187	6.3%	R, RS	-	Male, stage, transfusion, tumor location
						preoperative CRT, multiple stapler firings
Kawada et al[29]	2014	154	12.3%	R	-	Tumor size, precompression before
						stapler firings
Katsuno et al[30]	2015	209	15.3%	R	+	Male
Kim et al[31]	2016	1154	6.7%	R	+	Male, smoking, alcohol intake, previous
						abdominal surgery, operation time,
						tumor location, multiple stapler firings

¹R: Rectum; RS: Rectosigmoid colon; S: Sigmoid colon.