Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by race/ethnicity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis 2000–2012*
| All | non-Hispanic white | Chinese-American | African-American | Hispanic-American | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic† (n=5829) | n=5829 | n=2425 | n=691 | n=1503 | n=1210 |
| Age | 61.8 (10.3) | 62.4 (10.3) | 61.8 (10.4) | 61.7 (10.2) | 60.6 (10.4) |
| Female | 53.6% | 52.9% | 52.0% | 56.2% | 52.6% |
| Education ≥bachelor's degree | 37.3% | 50.6% | 39.8% | 35.8% | 11.2% |
| Occupation, full-time employment | 40.0% | 40.8% | 37.5% | 40.6% | 39.1% |
| Current smoking | 14.5% | 13.6% | 5.5% | 19.6% | 14.9% |
| Current alcohol use | 58.1% | 73.2% | 32.3% | 52.0% | 50.0% |
| Exercise PA (MET-hours/week) | 26.4 (39.4) | 28.3 (38.4) | 19.4 (25.8) | 29.5 (47.8) | 22.6 (35.2) |
| Moderate–vigorous PA (MET-hours/week) | 97.2 (99.3) | 95.6 (90.6) | 62.8 (61.9) | 110.5 (118.8) | 103.3 (102.0) |
| Any vigorous PA | 32.8% | 40.6% | 24.8% | 29.3% | 26.4% |
| Leisure sedentary behavior (hours/day) | 3.4 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.2) | 2.9 (1.7) | 3.9 (2.4) | 2.9 (1.9) |
| TV watching (hours/day) | 2.1 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.7) | 2.0 (1.5) |
| Activity score‡ | 4.0 (1.6) | 4.0 (1.6) | 3.8 (1.5) | 3.9 (1.6) | 4.3 (1.7) |
| Walking pace§ | |||||
| Walking <2 mph | 25.8% | 19.8% | 21.3% | 36.1% | 27.6% |
| Average pace | 50.6% | 50.9% | 61.5% | 41.2% | 55.6% |
| Walking ≥4 mph | 23.6% | 29.3% | 17.2% | 22.7% | 16.8% |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.0 (5.3) | 27.5 (5.0) | 23.9 (3.3) | 29.8 (5.9) | 29.0 (4.8) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.1 (14.1) | 97.3 (14.2) | 86.6 (10.0) | 99.9 (14.5) | 99.4 (12.6) |
| Hypertension medication | 33.3% | 31.1% | 25.3% | 45.4% | 27.2% |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 125.6 (21.2) | 123.0 (20.3) | 123.8 (21.7) | 130.8 (21.5) | 125.4 (21.5) |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 71.9 (10.3) | 70.2 (10.0) | 72.0 (10.4) | 74.6 (10.2) | 71.8 (10.1) |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 89.6 (10.5) | 87.9 (10.1) | 91.5 (9.9) | 90.3 (10.7) | 90.9 (10.8) |
| Impaired fasting glucose (100–125 mg/dL) | 15.6% | 11.8% | 19.4% | 17.6% | 18.5% |
| HOMA-IR | 2.1 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.6) |
| Family history of diabetes¶ | 34.4% | 29.2% | 25.6% | 42.0% | 40.7% |
| Incident diabetes** | 11.4 (10.6, 12.3) | 8.1 (7.0, 9.3) | 11.5 (9.2, 14.3) | 14.1 (12.3, 16.2) | 15.3 (13.2, 17.7) |
*Mean (SD) or percentages are listed. PA in (MET-hours/week), unless noted.
†All comparisons among racial/ethnic groups p<0.001 except sex.
‡PA score was created by coding quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous PA 1 (lowest quartile) to 4 (highest quartile) and reverse coding leisure sedentary behavior 3 (lowest quartile) to 0 (highest quartile).
§n=5823 participants.
¶n=5350 participants.
**Incident diabetes rate per 1000 person-years.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; MET, metabolic equivalents of task; PA, physical activity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TV, television.