Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Baseline | One year post-PEA | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 37 | ||
| Male/female | 20/17 | ||
| Age (y) | 61 ± 12 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 ± 5.8 | ||
| WHO functional class, (%) | b | 0.7 | |
| I | none | 29.6 | |
| II | 27 | 48.1 | |
| III | 62.2 | 22.2 | |
| IV | 10.8 | None | |
| 6MWT | |||
| 6MWD (m) | 404.7 ± 148.4 | 453.4 ± 126.8 | 0.1 |
| Rest SpO2 (%) | 93.9 ± 2.7 | 95.6 ± 2.9 | 0.043 |
| Peak SpO2 (%) | 88.8 ± 5.6 | 92.2 ± 4.5 | 0.003 |
| Δ SpO2 (%) | −5.1 ± 4.4 | −3.5 ± 4.1 | 0.15 |
| Rest HR (beatsbmin-1) | 83.8 ± 14.4 | 83.5 ± 13.9 | 0.98 |
| Peak HR (beatsbmin-1) | 117.1 ± 18.8 | 107.8 ± 17.1 | 0.041 |
| Δ HR (beatsbmin-1) | 32.6 ± 14.7 | 24.3 ± 12.9 | 0.038 |
| HRR (%) | 45.1 ± 20.6 | 33.4 ± 16.7 | 0.022 |
| Δ Borg | 4.4 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 0.006 |
| Supplemental Oxygen (n, %) | 9 (24.3) | 3 (8.1)b | 0.33 |
| Lung function | |||
| FEV1 (% pred.) | 88.7 ± 13.8 | 88.2 ± 12.5 | 0.76 |
| FEV1/FVC (% pred.) | 96 ± 10.3 | 90.6 ± 12.1 | 0.05 |
| TLC (% pred.) | 99 ± 13.5 | 104.8 ± 16.8 | 0.11 |
| VC (% pred.) | 91.6 ± 13.7 | 94 ± 12.7 | 0.34 |
| RHC | |||
| mPAP (mm Hg) | 43.2 ± 8.7 | 28.9 ± 10.1 | 0.001 |
| RAP (mm Hg) | 5.9 ± 4.1 | 7.2 ± 4.3 | 0.15 |
| PVR (dynebs/cm5) | 605.5 ± 228.7 | 328.1 ± 241.4 | 0.001 |
| CI (l/min/m2) | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 0.048 |
| PAWP (mm Hg) | 9.5 ± 4.6 | 10.6 ± 4.5 | 0.19 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| TAPSE (mm) | 17.2 ± 4.3 | 17.5 ± 3.2 | 0.62 |
| PASP (mm Hg) | 69.8 ± 25.1 | 56.8 ± 23.7 | 0.041 |
| CPETc | |||
| Peak VO2 (ml/min/kg) | 12.3 ± 3.4 | 14.2 ± 4.2 | 0.33 |
| Rest VD/VT | 35.2 ± 7.6 | 32 ± 5.8 | 0.77 |
| Peak VD/VT | 39.5 ± 8.7 | 35 ± 11.9 | 0.6 |
| Rest VD, L | 0.35 ± 0.17 | 0.29 ± 0.11 | 0.39 |
| Peak VD, L | 0.65 ± 0.25 | 0.72 ± 0.21 | 0.55 |
| Rest SpO2 (%) | 94.2 ± 1.7 | 95.1 ± 1.4 | 0.10 |
| Peak SpO2 (%) | 89.3 ± 1.4 | 90.7 ± 4.8 | 0.86 |
| Δ SpO2 (%) | −4.9 ± 5.8 | −4.4 ± 4.3 | 0.69 |
| Rest HR (beatsbmin-1) | 72.8 ± 12.2 | 81.2 ± 11.2 | 0.15 |
| Peak HR (beatsbmin-1) | 120.7 ± 21.3 | 122.9 ± 19.6 | 0.25 |
| Δ HR (beatsbmin-1) | 47.9 ± 19.4 | 41.7 ± 16.3 | 0.72 |
| HRR (%) | 54.7 ± 21.1 | 53.7 ± 20.2 | 0.92 |
| Co-morbidities, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 24 (64.9) | Unchanged | |
| Coronary heart disease | 4 (10.8) | Unchanged | |
| Renal insuffiency | 4 (10.8) | Unchanged | |
| Jamieson-Type, % | |||
| I | 31 | ||
| II | 31 | ||
| III | 38 | ||
| Laboratory | |||
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 488.2 [1004] | 245.0 [422]a | 0.006 |
Values represent mean ± SD or median [IQR]. pred.: predicted, a = Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, b = Pearson Chi-Square test, c n = 34. CI cardiac index, mPAP mean pulmonary arterial pressure, PVR pulmonary vascular resistance, RAP right atrial pressure, PAWP pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, PASP pulmonary artery systolic pressure, 6MWD six-minute walking distance, VO 2 oxygen uptake, WHO World Health Organization, NT-proBNP N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide, V D absolute dead space, V D /V T dead space ventilation, HR heart rate, SpO 2 oxygen pulse saturation, RHC right heart catheter, CPET cardio-pulmonary exercise testing, HRR heart rate reserve, VC vital capacity, FRC functional residual capacity, TLC total lung capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s