Multivariable-adjusted spline modeling the relations of LVEF to the risk of the composite primary outcome (HF or death)
A continuous, nearly linear relationship was seen between LVEF and the combined outcome. Test of non-linearity was non-significant (p=0.28). The spline was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, baseline CVD, smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, history of antihypertensive therapy. Knots were placed at 1, 25, 50, and 75th percentiles of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. HF = heart failure.