Growth, yield, and NUE of OsNRT2.3b, OsNRT2.3a, and H167R mutation overexpressing lines. (A) Phenotypes and transcriptional and translational expression of OsNRT2.3b- and OsNRT2.3a-overexpressing lines and Nipponbare WT. (B) Phenotypes and transcriptional and translational expression of WT and OsNRT2.3b-H167R mutant-overexpressing lines. (C) Average grain yield and NUE of OsNRT2.3b- (O), OsNRT2.3a- (a-O), and H167R- (H167R) overexpressing lines and WT in field plots. RT-PCR with the specific primers (SI Appendix, Table S10) and Western blot analyses with monoclonal antibodies were performed to identify protein expression levels. (NUE = grain yield/applied N fertilizer.) Values are mean ± SE (n = 3). a and b above bars indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between the transgenic lines and WT estimated by one-way ANOVA.