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. 2016 May 31;113(26):7261–7265. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1601624113

Table 2.

The minimum voltage on a disk 1 cm away from a bumblebee required to produce a mechanical response (Umin), the electric field corresponding to this voltage (Emin), and the axial distance from a 30-V disk at which electric field strength is equal to this value (Dmax)

Charged Uncharged
Quantity Hair Antenna Hair Antenna
Vmin at resonance, V 0.025 0.5 0.025 20
Vmin off resonance, V 2 10 400 360
Emin at resonance, V·m−1 0.77 15 0.77 612
Emin off resonance, m−1 61 306 12,249 11,024
Dmax at resonance, cm 55 13 55 1.6
Dmax off resonance, cm 7.1 2.6 0.1 0.6