Table 1. Orchards were classified along a gradient of intensity based on factors that are known to influence bird communities.

Distance of the study area to unmanaged vegetation was considered the most important intensity factor, followed by distance of the study area to farm buildings, and whether pesticide sprays were used.

Intensity ranking (lowest to highest)	Orchard	Minimum distance to unmanaged vegetation (m)	Amount of closest continuous unmanaged vegetation (ha)	Minimum distance to farm buildings (m)	Pesticide spray used
1	Orchard 1	0	>40	∼100	No
2	Orchard 2	<10	<1	∼550	No
3	Orchard 3	0	>6	∼100	Yes
4	Orchard 4	∼5	<2	∼200	Yes
5	Orchard 5	∼50	>15	∼10	Yes
6	Orchard 6	>280	<0.5	∼250	Yes