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. 2016 Feb 4;594(8):2147–2160. doi: 10.1113/JP270579

Figure 1. Factors acting across the life course .

Figure 1

(1) Developmental factors which are associated with later ageing. (2) Markers of the causes of ageing. (3) Markers of the effects of ageing. (4) Factors which challenge the plasticity of ageing. Some of these factors give insights into underlying mechanisms and some may serve as useful biomarkers of risk or biological age.