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. 2016 Apr 14;594(8):1989–1999. doi: 10.1113/JP270536

Figure 1. Factors that are involved in the chances of living to old age .

Figure 1

Exercise is an environmental factor that increases lifespan and healthspan by decreasing the risk of secondary ageing and premature death. The longer‐term changes in the organism related to the adaptation to exercise in older persons is the delay in the onset of frailty (Fiatarone et al. 1994; Binder et al. 2002; Timonen et al. 2002; Colcombe & Kramer, 2003; Booth et al. 2011; Fairhall et al. 2012; Langlois et al. 2013; Nyberg et al. 2013; Gine‐Garriga et al. 2014; Manor et al. 2014; Cesari et al. 2015).