Table 1. Studies on burden of road traffic crashes, injuries and deaths in Africa, as identified through a systematic review of the literature, 1980–2015 .

Reference	Study period	Country, study setting	Study design	Study type	Source of data	Type of data	Case definition
Sobngwi-Tambekou8	2004–2007	Cameroon, Yaoundé-Douala	Retrospective study	Registry-based	Police records	Death	Deaths within 30 days of a crash
Twagirayezu9	2005	Rwanda, Kigali	Descriptive and cross-sectional	Registry-based	Hospital records	Death and injury	Deaths at the site of a road crash or injured patients presenting to a hospital
Abegaz10	2012–2013	Ethiopia, Addis-Ababa	Capture–recapture	Registry-based	Traffic reports	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths resulting from a road crash
Mekonnen11	2007–2011	Ethiopia, Amhara region	Retrospective and descriptive study	Registry-based	Police road crash records	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths resulting from a road crash
Bachani12	2004–2009	Kenya	Retrospective and observational	Registry-based	Police (Kenya traffic police); vital registration (National Vital Registration System)	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Ngallaba13	2009–2012	United Republic of Tanzania, Mwanza	Retrospective design	Registry-based	Hospital ward register and case notes, medical record; police records	Death	Deaths at the site of road crash or injured patients presenting to a hospital
Zimmerman14	2011–2012	United Republic of Tanzania	Cross-sectional	Population-based	Resident population	Death	Deaths within 30 days of a crash
Museru15	1990–2000	United Republic of Tanzania	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	Police records	Death	Deaths at crash scene and outside scene
Barengo16	1990–2001	United Republic of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam	Cross-sectional	Registry-based	Routine police record	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths resulting from road crash
Kilale17	1995–1996	United Republic of Tanzania, Kiluvya-Bwawani and Chalinze-Segera	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	Police road traffic crash records from the Coast Region Traffic Office	Death	Death at crash scene and outside scene
Nakitto18	2004–2005	Uganda, Kawempe	Cohort	Population-based	35 primary schools followed for three academic school year terms	Death and injury	Road traffic accidents with injuries and deaths on the spot and within 30 days of a crash
Bezzaoucha19	1986	Algeria	Cohort	Population-based	Resident population	Death	Fatalities defined as deaths at crash scene or outside scene
Bodalal20	2010–2011	Libya, Benghazi	Retrospective	Registry-based	Hospital records	Death and injury	Deaths at the site of road crash, Injured patients presenting to hospital immediately, or delayed presentation of a previously stable patient with fresh complaints
Samuel21	2008–2009	Malawi	Capture–recapture	Registry-based	Police and hospital records	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Romão22	1990–2000	Mozambique	Retrospective	Registry-based	Transport records (National Institute for Road Safety)	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths at the site of road crash
Olukoga23	2003	South Africa	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	Transport records (Department of Transport, Pretoria)	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Olukoga24	2002–2003	South Africa	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	National Statistics Office (Durban municipality)	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Meel25	1993–1999	South Africa	Retrospective	Registry-based	Mortuary (medico-legal autopsy records)	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Lehohla26	2001–2006	South Africa	Retrospective	Registry-based	National Statistics Office	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths resulting from road crash
Hobday27	2007	South Africa, eThekwini	Retrospective	Registry-based	Transport records (eThekwini transport authority database)	Death and injury	Child pedestrian injuries and deaths resulting from road crash
Kyei28	2004–2008	South Africa, Limpopo	Retrospective	Registry-based	Transport management cooperation records	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths resulting from road crash
Meel29	1993–2004	South Africa, Mthatha	Retrospective	Registry-based	Mortuary (death records and autopsies from Mthatha and Nqgeleni magisterial districts)	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Amonkou30	2001–2011	Cote d’Ivoire, Abidjan	Retrospective	Registry-based	Hospital records	Death and injury	Injuries and deaths resulting from road crash
Ackaah31	2005–2007	Ghana	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	Traffic reports, hospital records	Death	Fatalities where one or more persons are killed as a result of a crash and where the death occurs within 30 days of the crash
Afukaar32	1994–1998	Ghana	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	Reported traffic crash data	Death and injury	Death within 30 days, serious injuries (hospitalization for > 24hrs), slight injuries (hospitalization for < 24hrs)
Guerrero33	2009	Ghana	Survey	Population-based	Resident population	Death and injury	Fatalities within 30 days of crash
Mock34	1999	Ghana	Survey	Population-based	Resident population	Death and injury	Road crash with injuries and deaths
Aidoo35	2004–2010	Ghana	Retrospective	Registry-based	Traffic reports	Death and injury	Pedestrian deaths and injuries from hit-and-run cases
Kudebong36	2004–2008	Ghana, Bolgatanga	Retrospective	Registry-based	Traffic reports	Death and injury	Deaths and injuries resulting from motorcycle road crash
Mamady37	2011	Guinea	Retrospective	Registry-based	Health ministry information	Death	Deaths as recorded in the country’s death notification form and coded using International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9)
Ezenwa38	1980–1983	Nigeria	Retrospective	Registry-based	Police records from federal police headquarters	Death	Death at scene of accident and outside scene
Nigeria Federal Road Safety Corps39	2001–2013	Nigeria	Surveillance	Registry-based	Federal Road Safety Corps data	Death	Death at scene of accident and outside scene
Labinjo40	2009	Nigeria	Survey	Population-based	Resident population	Death	Deaths within 30 days of crash
Asogwa41	1980–1985	Nigeria	Retrospective	Registry-based	Police records	Death	Accidents resulting in deaths
Balogun42	1987–1990	Nigeria, Ile-Ife	Retrospective	Registry-based	Hospital records	Death and injury	Deaths at the site of road crash or injured patients presenting to hospital
Adeoye43	2006–2007	Nigeria, Ilorin	Surveillance	Registry-based	Hospital records	Death and injury	Deaths at the site of road crash or injured patients presenting to hospital
Adewole44	2001–2006	Nigeria, Lagos	Audit	Registry-based	Ambulance service records	Death and injury	Deaths and injuries resulting from road crash
Jinadu45	1980–1982	Nigeria, Oyo	Retrospective and descriptive	Registry-based	Information from health and transport ministries	Death and injury	Deaths and injuries resulting from road crash
Aganga46	1980	Nigeria, Zaria	Retrospective	Registry-based	Traffic reports	Death and injury	Deaths and injuries resulting from road crash