FIGURE 10.

Twinkle displaces BamHI-E111A bound to forked duplex DNA substrate and unwinds the forked duplex. A and B, indicated concentrations of Twinkle (hexamer) were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min with a BamHI forked duplex substrate (substrate 27) (0.5 nm) in the absence (A) or presence (B) of catalytically inactive BamHI-E111A restriction endonuclease (38 nm) as described under “Experimental Procedures.” Proteinase K-digested products were electrophoresed on non-denaturing 12% polyacrylamide gels. Representative gel image from at least three independent experiments is shown. C, quantitative analysis of percent DNA substrate unwound from A and B. Naked forked duplex, filled circles; BamHI-E111A-bound forked duplex, open circles. Average values of at least three independent experiments with standard deviations indicated by error bars are shown.