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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Methods. 2014 Dec 22;12(2):140–146. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.3217

Figure 2. Precise photostimulation of multiple identified neurons in vivo.

Figure 2

(a) Left: An example field of view of somatosensory cortex layer 2/3 neurons expressing C1V1-2A-YFP (scale bar, 100 μm). Right: Protocol to target spiral photostimulation patterns to multiple locations using the SLM and galvanometer mirrors (scale bars, 100 μm).

(b) Left: Magnification of a, showing cell-attached patch-clamp recording configuration in which multiple locations were photostimulated while electrophysiologically confirming action potential generation in one of the targets. Middle: Raster of spike times around stimulus delivery over 10 trials (photostimulation, red bar). Right: Overlaid raw data showing low latency and jitter.

(c) Metrics evaluating performance for 10 and 20 spot photostimulation patterns and spiral photostimulations lasting 11, 16, or 34 ms. Error bars are SEM, n = six neurons, four mice.