Expression of GRP78, RANTES, and CXCL10 mRNAs was significantly elevated in CHC liver biopsies compared with normal liver tissues (A) and their pairwise correlation (B–D). qPCR was performed to determine the relative expression levels of GRP78, RANTES, and CXCL10 (normalized to β-actin abundance) in liver tissues from CHC patients (n = 26) and control patients (n = 22). Following logarithmic transformation, the expression of each gene was compared between the two patient groups using two-sided Student's t tests (A). B–D, pairwise correlation between the expression of RANTES and GRP78 (B), CXCL10 and GRP78 (C), and CXCL10 and RANTES (D), as determined by Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and p values. Data from CHC and control patient samples were shown as red diamonds and green dots, respectively.