Table 2.

Activating and disarming (inactivating) proteases of PARs^{15,16,26–28}

PAR	Activating proteases		Disarming proteases
	Coagulation	Other	Coagulation	Other
PAR1	Thrombin, aPC, EPCR, activated factor X, plasmin	Granzyme A, trypsin IV, KLK1, KLK4, KLK6, KLK14, MMP-1, elastase, cathepsin G, proatherocytin*, Pen C 13‡	Plasmin	KLK1, KLK14, ADAM17, protease 3, trypsin, cathepsin G, elastase
PAR2	Tissue factor, activated factor X, factor VIIa	Trypsin, mast cell tryptase, acrosin, matripatase/MT-SP1, HAT, trypsin IV, granzyme A, TMPRSS2, chitinase§, KLK2, KLK4, KLK5, KLK6, KLK14, bacterial gingipains, Der P1, P2, P3||, Pen C 13‡	Plasmin	Protease 3, calpain, cathepsin G, elastase
PAR3	Thrombin, aPC, activated factor X	NA	NA	Cathespin G, elastase
PAR4	Thrombin, plasmin, activated factor X	Trypsin, cathepsin G, trypsin IV, MASP-1, bacterial gingipains, KLK1, KLK14	NA	NA

Functional relevance of only a few proteases and corresponding PAR signalling has been demonstrated in renal physiology and pathophysiology. ADAM17, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17; aPC, activated protein C; EPCR, endothelial protein C receptor; HAT, human airway trypsin-like protease; KLK, kallikrein-related peptidase; MASP-1, mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1; MMP-1, matrix metalloproteinase-1; NA, not applicable.

^*Isolated from snake venom.

^‡Mould allergen.

^§From Streptomyces griseus.

^||House dust mite cysteine (P1) or serine (P2, P3) proteases.