Table 4.

Zip-Code Level Estimates of Effects of Foreclosures, Housing Prices, and Vacancies

	Non-Elective	Preventable	Cancer	Heart	Mental	Respiratory Infection
Number Visits in Year	42817	3911	334	3764	1794	5581
Baseline Zip Code Level Model, N=46,740, Mean Population=19,750
Sum of 4 Lags Foreclosure	0.7831	0.0906	0.0034	0.0909	0.0594	0.0213
P value for sum=0	0.0826	0.0009	0.3332	0.0000	0.0000	0.9224
Zip Code Level Model with House Prices Rather than Foreclosures, N = 37,635, Mean Population =23,454
Sum of 4 Lags House Prices	−0.0032	−0.0004	0.0000	−0.0002	−0.0001	−0.0013
P value for sum=0	0.0000	0.0000	0.0305	0.0000	0.1589	0.0000
Zip Code Level Model Including Both Foreclosures and House Prices, N = 37,635, Mean Population =23,454
Sum of 4 Lags Foreclosure	0.7683	0.0703	0.0027	0.0762	0.0531	0.0363
P value for sum=0	0.0672	0.0003	0.3694	0.0000	0.0000	0.8706
Sum of 4 Lags House Prices	−0.0024	−0.0003	0.0000	−0.0001	0.0000	−0.0012
P value for sum=0	0.0000	0.0000	0.0774	0.0007	0.4974	0.0000

Notes: Regressions of hospitalization plus ER rates on foreclosure rates included zip code fixed, effects, county*quarter*yea effects and time trends for clusters of zip codes. Standard errors in parentheses. ***, **, and * indicate that the estimate is statistically significant at the 99th, 95th, and 90th percent level of confidence. Bold face indicates that the sum of lags is significantly different than zero.